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Introduction: Mental Illness in the Medical Setting
1.
Panic Disorder: Three Stages of Development
2.
Historical Background
Military Historical Reports
Nonmilitary Historical Reports
3.
Epidemiology of Panic Disorder
4.
Etiology of Panic Disorder
Stressful Life Events
Genetics
Developmental Antecedents
5.
Difficulty in Diagnosis Somatization
Specific Somatic Complaints
Amplification of Somatic Symptoms
6.
Differential Diagnosis of Panic Disorder and Other Psychiatric Illnesses
Affective Illness and Panic Disorder
Alcohol Abuse and Panic Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Social Phobia
Simple Phobia
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
7.
Comorbidity With Medical Disorders
Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality
Panic Disorder and Mitral Valve Prolapse
8.
Medical Differential Diagnosis
Thyroid Disease and Panic Disorder
Hypoglycemia
Pheochromocytoma
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Panic Disorder
Illicit Drug Use
Suggested Medical Workup
9.
Psychobiology of Panic Disorder
General Cognitive Model of Anxiety
Septohippocampal Theory
The Sympathetic Nervous System
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid-Benzodiazepine Hypothesis
Provocative Studies
Summary of Psychobiologic Studies
10.
Treatment of Panic Disorder
Psychopharmacologic Treatment
Psychotherapy
Behavioral Therapy
Indications for Psychiatric Consultation or Referral
Suggested Readings
Bibliography
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