|
|
|
|
| 1. |
Potential for Repair of Periodontal Tissues |
| |
A. |
Gingiva |
| |
B. |
Response of Bone to Wounding |
| |
C. |
Alveolar Process, Periodontal Ligament and Cementum |
| |
D. |
Interaction Between Cells of Periodontal Tissues |
| 2. |
Biology of Periodontal Wound Healing |
| |
A. |
General Concepts of Wound Healing |
| |
|
a. |
Regeneration and Repair |
| |
|
b. |
Cells: Labile, Table, and Permanent |
| |
|
c. |
Healing Process |
| |
B. |
Healing in the Periodontium |
| |
|
a. |
Healing of the Supracrestal Gingival Tissue Involved in Gingivitis |
| |
|
b. |
Healing of the Aupracrestal and Aubcrestal Periodontal Tissues Involved in Periodontitis |
| |
|
c. |
The Fibrin Clot and Inflammatory Cells |
| |
|
d. |
Re-Epithelialization of Wounds |
| |
|
e. |
Matrix Degradation and the Wound-Cleaning Process |
| |
|
f. |
Granulation Tissue and Contraction of the Wound |
| |
|
g. |
Angiogenesis of wounds |
| |
C. |
Treatments for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration Based on the Concepts of Wound Healing in Periodontology |
| |
D. |
Applied Clinical Aspects and Future Approaches to Enhance Wound Healing |
| |
E. |
Conclusion |
| 3. |
Potential Role of Growth and Differentiation Factors in Periodontal Regeneration |
| |
A. |
Review of Growth and Differentiation Factors (GDFs) |
| |
B. |
Growth and Differentiation Factors in Wound Healing of Periodontal Soft Tissues |
| |
C. |
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-AA,-AB,-BB |
| |
D. |
Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β1) |
| |
E. |
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) |
| |
F. |
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) |
| |
G. |
Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGF-I and -II) |
| |
H. |
Cementum-Derived Growth Factor (CGF) |
| |
I. |
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) |
| |
J. |
Effects of Growth and Differentiation Factors on Bone and Cementum Regeneration |
| |
K. |
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) |
| |
L. |
Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β1) |
| |
M. |
Fibroblast Growth Factors (a- and b-FGF) |
| |
N. |
Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) |
| |
O. |
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (PTHrP) |
| |
P. |
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) |
| |
Q. |
Preclinical and Clinical Studies on Periodontal Regeneration |
| |
|
a. |
Growth Factors |
| |
|
b. |
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) |
| |
R. |
Future Perspectives |
| 4. |
Molecular and Cell Biology of Cementum |
| |
A. |
Regulation of Cementogenesis |
| |
|
a. |
Overview: Events, Cells and Factors Associated with Cementum |
| |
|
b. |
Factor-Mediated Cell Activities |
| |
|
c. |
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases |
| |
|
d. |
G-Protein-Coupled Receptors |
| |
|
e. |
Serine-Threonine Receptor Kinases |
| |
|
f. |
Integrins |
| |
|
g. |
Regenerative Therapies and Cementogenesis in Vivo |
| |
|
h. |
Therapies Based on Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Insulin-Like Growth Factor |
| |
|
i. |
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Family Members: (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins) BMP 2, BMP 3 (Osteogenin), BMP 4, and BMP 7 (OP-1) |
| |
|
j. |
Enamel Matrix Derivative |
| |
|
k. |
Delivery Systems |
| |
|
l. |
Models to Study Cementogenesis |
| |
|
m. |
In Vitro Models |
| |
|
n. |
In Vivo: Genetically Engineered Animals |
| |
|
o. |
Cell Applications: Regional Gene Therapy |
| |
|
p. |
Future Directions: Unknowns |
| 5. |
Cementum, Periodontal Wound Healing and Regeneration |
| |
A |
Wound-Healing Events |
| |
B. |
Factors that Determine Whether Wounds Heal by Regeneration or Repair |
| |
C. |
Regulation by the Local Environment |
| |
D. |
Local Factors in Periodontal Healing |
| |
E |
Biology of Cementum |
| |
F. |
Possible Role of Cementum in Periodontal Regeneration |
| |
G. |
Models of Cementoblastic Cells and Their Potential Application for Developing New Strategies for Periodontal Regeneration |
| 6. |
Growth Factors as Indicators of Periodontal Disease Activity |
| 7. |
Treatment of Periodontal Disease with Growth Factors |
| |
A. |
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor for Gene Delivery |
| |
B. |
Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 |
| |
C. |
Growth Factor Delivery to Re-Engineer Periodontal Tissues |
| |
|
a. |
Periodontal Diseases |
| |
|
b. |
Growth Factor Delivery For Tissue Engineering |
| |
|
c. |
Growth Factors: Biological Properties and Applications for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration |
| |
|
d. |
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor |
| |
|
e. |
Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGFS) |
| |
|
f. |
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFS) |
| |
|
g. |
Transforming Growth Factor Beta Family Members and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPS) |
| |
|
h. |
Enamel Matrix Proteins |
| |
|
i. |
Future Considerations: Gene Therapy to Target Growth Factors to Periodontal Tissues |
| 8. |
Stem Cells and Periodontal Regeneration |
| |
A. |
Identification of Stem Cells in the Periodontium |
| |
B. |
Growth Potential in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells |
| |
C. |
Characterization and Origin of Periodontal Stem Cells |
| |
D. |
Differentiation Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells |
| |
E. |
Periodontal Therapies for Periodontal Regeneration |
| |
F. |
Cell Seeding and Tissue Engineering |
| |
G. |
Potential Clinical Applications for Human Ddental Stem
Cells |
| 9. |
Influence of Growth Factors, Cytokines, and Osteoblast Differentiation |
| |
A. |
Osteoblast Lineage and Function |
| |
|
a. |
The Osteoblast Phenotype |
| |
|
b. |
The Osteoblast Lineage |
| |
B. |
The Effects of Growth Factors on Osteoblast Differentiation |
| |
|
a. |
Transforming Growth Factor-β |
| |
|
b. |
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins |
| |
|
c. |
Fibroblast Growth Factor |
| |
|
d. |
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor |
| |
|
e. |
Insulin-Like Growth Factors |
| |
|
f. |
Wnt Signaling |
| |
|
g. |
Other Growth Factors |
| |
|
h. |
Enamel Matrix Derivatives |
| |
C. |
Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines on Osteoblast Differentiation |
| |
|
a. |
Interleukin-1 |
| |
|
b. |
Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption by the Osteoblast |
| |
|
c. |
Other Inflammatory Cytokines |
| |
D. |
Regulation and Interaction of Growth Factor Pathways |
| |
|
a. |
Therapeutic Application of Growth Factors for Bone Regeneration |
| |
|
b. |
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Periodontal Regeneration |
| |
|
c. |
Other Growth Factors |
| |
|
d. |
Conclusion |
| 10. |
Growth Factors and Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Platelet-Rich Plasma |
| 11. |
Summary |
| |
A. |
Referencs |
| |
B. |
Appendix |
| |
|
a. |
Definitions |
| |
|
b. |
Table and Figures |