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Resources

Professional Associations

American Association for Marriage & Family Therapy (AAMFT)

AAMFT Approved Supervisor Designation
AAMFT
1133 15th Street NW
Suite 300
Washington DC 20005
Phone: (202) 452-0109
Fax: (202) 223-2329
Web Site: http://www.aamft.org

American Association of Pastoral Counselors (AAPC)
9504 A Lee Highway
Fairfax VA 22031
Phone: (703) 385-6967
Fax: (703) 352-7725
Web Site: http://www.aapc.org

American Counseling Association (ACA)

Ethical Guidelines for Counseling Supervisors
ACA
5999 Stevenson Avenue
Alexandria VA 22304
Phone: (703) 823-9800
Fax: (703) 823-0252
Web Site: http://www.counseling.org

American Psychological Association (APA)
750 First Street NE
Washington DC 20002
Phone: (202) 336-5500
Fax: (202) 336-5907
Web Site: http://www.apa.org

National Association of Social Work (NASW)

NASW Guidelines for Clinical Social Work Supervision
NASW
750 First Street NE
Suite 700
Washington DC 20002
Phone: (202) 408-8600
Fax: (202) 336-8310

California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists
CAMFT
7901 Raytheon Road
San Diego, CA 92111-1606
Phone: (858) 292-2638
Fax: (838) 292-2666
Web Site: http://www.camft.org

* AAMFT Approved Supervisor Designation

The Approved Supervisor designation identifies those professionals who have met the educational, experiential, and supervisory training requirements to supervise marriage and family therapists. There are two tracks available, the Standard Track and the Advanced Track.

Approved Supervisors Training Program Learning Objectives:
  1. Are familiar with the major models of MFT and supervision, in terms of their philosophical assumptions and pragmatic implications.
  2. Articulate a personal model of supervision, drawn from existing models of supervision and from preferred styles of therapy.
  3. Facilitate the co-evolving therapist-client and supervisor-therapist-client relationships.
  4. Evaluate and identify problems in therapist-client and supervisor-therapist-client relationships.
  5. Structure supervision, solve problems, and implement supervisory interventions within a range of supervisory modalities (for example, live and videotaped supervision).
  6. Address distinctive issues that arise in supervision-of-supervision.
  7. Are sensitive to contextual variables such as culture, gender, ethnicity, and economics.
  8. Are knowledgeable of ethical and legal issues of supervision.
  9. Are aware of the requirements and procedures for supervising applicants for AAMFT Clinical Membership.
Standard Track Requirements

The Standard Track is for marriage and family therapists with limited or no experience as a supervisor.

COAMFTE-Accredited Doctoral Track Requirements

The COAMFTE-Accredited Doctoral Track is for those who are currently enrolled in doctoral programs accredited by the AAMFT Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE).

Advanced Track Requirements

The Advanced Track is reserved for applicants with extensive experience in MFT, teaching and supervision.

*These guidelines are available at AAMFT's web site at: http://www.aamft.org/members/asdesign/asrequire.htm

As of Febrauary 26 2001. AAMFT reserves all rights to these guidelines and may change, revoke, revise, repeal or accept them at any time. For accurate, current requirements please contact AAMFT directly at: http://www.aamft.org

or:

AAMFT
1133 15th Street, NW Suite 300
Washington, DC 20005-2710
Phone: (202) 452-0109
Fax: (202) 223-2329

Books

Anderson, H., & Goolishan, H., (1992). The client is the expert: A not-knowing approach to therapy. In S. McNamee & K. Gergen (Eds.), Therapy as social construction: Inquiries in social construction (pp. 25-39). London: Sage Pubications.

Bernard, J. M., & Goodyear, R.K. (1998). Fundamentals of clinical supervision., 2nd ed., Needham Heights: Allyn and Bacon.

Breunlin, D.C., Rampage, C., & Eovaldi, M.L. (1995). Family therapy supervision: Toward an integrative perspective. In R.M. Mikesell, D.D. Lusterman, & S.H. McDaniel (Eds.), Integrating family therapy: Handbook of family psychology and systems theory(pp. 547-560). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Chagoya, L. & Citron, K. (1994). Family therapy supervision. In S.E. Greben & R. Ruskin (Eds.), Clinical perspectives on psychotherapy supervision (pp. 121-133). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Cox, J.A. & L’Amoreaux, N.A. (1998). Tom Andersen’s comments on reflecting processes and some observations on reflecting practices in supervision. In J.D. West, & D.L. Bubenzer (Eds.), Social construction in couple and family counseling. The family psychology and counseling series (pp. 123-133). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

Gottlieb, M.C. (1995). Ethical dilemmas in change of format and live supervision. In R.H. Mikesall & D.D. Lusterman (Eds.), Integrating family therapy: Handbook of family psychology and systems theory. (pp. 561-569). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Liddle, H.A., Becker, D., & Diamond, G.M. (1997). Family therapy supervision. In C.E. Watkins, Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of psychotherapy supervision (pp. 400-418). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Rampage, C. (1996). On being a feminist trainer in an independent institute. In K. Weingarten & M.L. Bograd (Eds.), Reflections on feminist family therapy training (pp. 7-19). New York: Haworth Press, Inc.

Ratliff, D.A. & Morris, G.H. (1995). Telling how to say it: A way of giving suggestions in family therapy supervision. In G.H. Morris & R.J. Chenail (Eds.), The talk of the clinic: Explorations in the analysis of medical and therapeutic discourse (pp. 131-147). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Rigazio-DiGilio, S.A., Daniels, T.G., & Ivey, A.E. (1997). Systemic cognitive-developmental supervision: A developmental-integrative approach to psychotherapy supervision. In C.E. Watkins, Jr.(Ed), Handbook of psychotherapy supervision (pp. 223-245). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Sprenkle, D.H. & Wilkie, S.G. (1996). Supervision and training. In F.P. Piercy, & D.H. Sprenkle (Eds.), Family therapy sourcebook (2nd ed.) (pp. 350-391). New York: The Guilford Press.

Stoltenberg, C. D., & Delworth, U. (1987). Supervising counselors and therapists. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Storm, C., & Todd, T. (1997). The reasonably complete systemic supervisor resource guide. Needham Heights: Allyn and Bacon.

Wampold, B.E. & Holloway, E.L. (1997). Methodology, design, and evaluation in psychotherapy supervision research. In C.E. Watkins, Jr. (Ed), Handbook of psychotherapy supervision. (pp. 11-27). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Watkins, C.E. Jr. (Ed.), (1997). Handbook of psychotherapy supervision. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

White, M.B., & Epston, D., (1990). Narrative means to therapeutic ends. New York: W. W. Norton

Journals

Amundson, J., Stewart, K., & Parry, A. (1994). Whither narrative? The danger of getting it right. Journal of Marital and family Therapy, 20, 83-88.

Anderson, H., & Rambo, A. (1988). An experiment in systemic family therapy training: A trainer and trainee perspective. Journal of Strategic and SystemicTherapies, 7, 54-70.

Anderson, H., & Swim, S. (1995). Supervision as collaborative conversation: Connecting the voices of supervisor and supervisee. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 14(2), 1-13.

Anderson, S.A., Rigazio-DiGilio, S., & Kunkler, K.P. (1995). Training and supervision in family therapy: Current issues and future directions. Family

Relations: Journal of Applied Family & Child Studies, 44(4), 489-500.

Aponte, H.J. (1994). How personal can training get? Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 20(1), 3-15.

Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (1990). Standards for counseling supervisors. Journal of Counseling and Development, 69, 30-32.

Betchen, S.J. (1995). An integrative, intersystemic approach to supervision of couple therapy. American Journal of Family Therapy, 23(1), 48-58.

Biever, J., & Gardner, G. (1995). The use of reflecting teams in social constructionist training. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 14, 47-56.

Blokland, L.M. (1999). Exploring connections of the supervisors in supervision. Contemporary Family Therapy, 21(2), 217-224.

Bob, S.R. (1999). Narrative approaches to supervision and case formulation. Psychotherapy, 36(2), 146-153.

Bobele, M., Gardner, G., & Biever, J. (1995). Supervision asocial construction. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 14, 14-25.

Boylin, W.M., Anderson, S. A., & Bartle, S.E. (1992). Symbolic experiential supervision : A model for learning or a frame of mind? Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 3(4), 43-59.

Caldwell, K., Becvar, D., Bertolino, R., & Diamond, D. (1997). A postmodern analysis of a course on clinical supervision. Contemporary Family Therapy, 19(2), 269-287.

Cantwell, P. & Holmes, S. (1994). Social construction: A paradigm shift for systemic therapy and training. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 15(1), 17-26.

Cantwell, P. & Holmes, S. (1995). Cumulative process: A collaborative approach to systemic supervision. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 14(2), 35-46.

Carlozzi, A.F., Romans, J.S.C., Boswell, D.L., & Ferguson, D.B. (1997). Training and supervision practices in counseling and marriage and family therapy programs. Clinical Supervisor, 15(1), 51-60.

Carlson, D.K. (2001, May 9,). Americans divided on cause of homosexuality. Gallup Pole News Service. [Online]. Available: http://poll.gallup.com/content/default.aspx?ci=1741&pg=1

Crespi, T.D. (1995). Gender sensitive supervision: Exploring feminist perspectives for male and female supervisors. Clinical Supervisor, 13(2), 19-29.

DeBernart, R. & Dobrowolski, C. (1996). Clinical supervision during family therapy training. Terapia Familiare, 52, 93-106.

DeVeaux, F. & Lubell, I. (1994). Training the supervisor: Integrating a family of origin approach. Contemporary Family Therapy, 16(4), 291-299.

Flemons, D.G., Green, S.K., & Rambo, A.H. (1996). Evaluating therapists’ practices in a postmodern world: A discussion and a scheme. Family Process, 35(1), 43-56.

Edwards, T.M. & Keller, J.F. (1995). Partnership discourse in marriage and family therapy supervision: A heterarchical alternative. Clinical Supervisor, 13(2), 141-153.

Elizur, J. (1990). "Stuckness" in live supervision: Expanding the therapist’s style. Journal of Family Therapy, 12(3), 267-280.

Elizur, J. (1992). Ecosystemic training: Conjoining supervision and organizational development. Family Process, 32(2), 185-201.

Emerson, S. (1996). Creating a safe place for growth in supervision. Contemporary Family Therapy, 18(3), 393-403.

Frankel, B.R. & Piercy, F.P. (1990). The relationship among selected supervisor, therapist, and client behaviors. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 16(4), 407-421.

Friedman, R. (1991). Ten commandments for the family therapist. Clinical Supervisor, 9(2), 181-186.

Gallant, J.P., Thyer, B.A., & Bailey, J.S. (1991). Using bug-in-the-ear feedback in clinical supervision: Preliminary evaluations. Research on Social Work Practice, 1(2), 175-187.

Gawinski, B.A., Edwards, T.M., & Speice, J. (1999). A family therapy internship in a multidisciplinary healthcare setting: Trainees’ and supervisor’s reflections. Journal of Marriage & Family Counseling, 25(4), 469-484.

Getz, H.G. & Protinsky, H.O. (1994). Training marriage and family counselors: A family-of-origin approach. Counselor Education and Supervision, 33(3), 183-190.

Glenn, E. & Serovich, J.M. (1994). Documentation of family therapy supervision: A rationale and method. American Journal of Family Therapy, 22(4), 345-355.

Goolishan, H., & Anderson, H. (1992). Strategy and intervention versus nonintervention: A matter of theory? Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 18, 5-15.

Gorman, P. & Lockerman, G. (1995). Conversations outside the clinic: Video-reflecting teams for in-home therapy and supervision. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 14(4), 1-15.

Gowen, D. & Speyerer, J.B. (1995). Compulsive gambling and the criminal offender: A treatment and supervision approach. Federal Probation, 59(3), 36-39.

Granello, D.H. (1996). Gender and power in the supervisory dyad. Clinical Supervisor, 14(2), 53-67.

Halperin, S.M. (1991). Countertransference and the developing family therapist: Treatment and supervision issues. Contemporary Family Therapy, 13(2), 127-141.

Hardy, K.V. (1993). Live supervision in the postmodern era of family therapy: Issues, reflections, and questions. Contemporary Family Therapy, 15(1), 9-20.

Hargrave, T.D. (1991). Utilizing inexpensive communication systems: Building one-way mirrors for private practice consultation and supervision. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 17(1), 89-91.

Hicks, M.W. & Cornille, T.A. (1999). Gender, power, and relationship ethics in family therapy education. Contemporary Family Therapy, 21(1), 45-56.

Hill, E.W. (1992). Marital and family therapy supervision: A relational-attachment model. Contemporary Family Therapy, 14(2), 115-125.

Jordan, K. (1996). Ethical concerns for supervising the impaired marriage and family therapist. Family Therapy, 23(1), 51-57.

Jordan, K. (1998). The cultural experiences and identified needs of the ethnic minority supervisee in the context of Caucasian supervision. Family Therapy, 25(3), 181-187.

Kaiser, T.L. (1992). The supervisory relationship: An identification of the primary elements in the relationship and an application of two theories of ethical relationships. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 18(3), 283-296.

Kaslow, F.W. (1991). Marital therapy supervision and consultation. American Journal of Family Therapy, 19(2), 129-146.

Keeney, B.P. (1990). Supervising client conversation: A note on a contextual structure for evoking therapeutic creativity. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 1(2), 51-56.

Keith, D.V., Connell, G., & Whitaker, C.A. (1992). Group supervision in symbolic experiential family therapy. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 3(1), 103-109.

Keller, J.F., Protinsky, H.O., Lichtman, M., & Allen, K. (1996). The process of clinical supervision: Direct observation research. Clinical Supervisor, 14(1), 51-63.

Korittko, A. (1994). In home treatment for families in crisis and its supervision: A systemic multi-level approach. Contemporary Family Therapy, 16(3), 231-243.

Larrabee, M.J. & Miller, G.M. (1993). An examination of sexual intimacy in supervision. Clinical Supervisor, 11(2), 103-126.

Leddick, G.R., & Bernard, J.M. (1980). The history of supervision: A critical review. Counselor Education and Supervision, 27, 186-196.

Lee, R.E. (1997). Seeing and hearing in therapy supervision: A clinical example of isomorphism. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 8(3), 51-57.

Long, J.K., Lawless, J.J., & Dotson, D.R. (1996). Supervisory Styles Index: Examining supervisees’ perceptions of supervisory style. Contemporary Family Therapy, 18(4), 589-606.

Lowe, R. & Guy, G. (1996). A reflecting team format for solution-oriented supervision: Practical guidelines and theoretical distinctions. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 15(4), 26-45.

Mauzey, E. & Erdman, P. (1997). Trainee perceptions of live supervision phone-ins: A phenomenological inquiry. Clinical Supervisor, 15(2), 115-128.

Marek, L.I.., Sandifer, D.M., Beach, A., Cowar, R.L. (1994). Supervision without the problem: A model of solution-focused supervision. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 5(2), 57-64.

McCollum, E.E. & Wetchler, J.L. (1995). In defense of case consultation: Maybe "dead" supervision isn’t dead after all. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 21(2), 155-166.

McDaniel, S., Weber, T., & McKeever, J. (1983). Multiple theoretical approaches to supervision: Choices in family therapy training. Family Process, 22, 491-500.

McDaniel, S.H., Lorenz, A., Waxman, D., & Kotze, E. (1995). Taking it like a man: Stories of men in family therapy training. American Journal of Family Therapy, 23(4), 291-305.

McHale, E. & Carr, A. (1998). The effect of supervisor and trainee therapist gender on supervision discourse. Journal of Family Therapy, 20(4), 395-411.

Merl, H. (1995). Reflecting Supervision. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 14(2), 47-56.

Moran, A., Brownlee, K., Gallant, P., & Meyers, L. (1995). The effectiveness of reflecting team supervision: A client’s experience of receiving feedback from a distance. Family Therapy, 22(1), 31-47.

Neal, J.H. (1996). Negative therapy training and supervision. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 15(1), 63-77.

Nelson, T.S. (1991, August). Gender in family therapy supervision. Contemporary Family Therapy, 13(4), 357-369.

Nichols, W.C., Nichols, D.P., & Hardy, K.V. (1990). Supervision in family therapy: A decade restudy. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 16(3), 275-285.

McDaniel, S., Weber, T., & McKeever, J. (1983). Multiple theoretical approaches to supervision: Choices in family therapy training. Family Process, 22, 491-500.

Olsen, D.C. & Stern, S.B. (1990). Issues in the development of a family therapy supervision model. Clinical Supervisor, 8(2), 49-65.

Osborn, C. & Davis, T.E. (1996). The supervision contract: Making it perfectly clear. Clinical supervisor, 14(2), 121-134.

Osterberg, M.J. (1996). Gender in supervision: Exaggerating the differences between men and women. Clinical Supervisor, 14(2), 69-83.

Pistole, M.C. (1995). The genogram in group supervision of novice counselors: Draw them a picture. Clinical Supervisor, 13(1), 133-143.

Prest, L.A., Darden, E.C., & Keller, J.F. (1990). "The fly on the wall" reflecting team supervision. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 16(3), 265-273.

Ridley, J. (1996). Some thoughts on supervision. Sexual & Marital Therapy, 11(1), 77-88.

Rigazio-DiGilio, S.A. & Anderson, S.A. (1994). A cognitive-developmental model for marital and family therapy supervision. Clinical Supervisor, 12(2), 93-118.

Rigazio-DiGilio, S. A., Anderson, S. A., & Kunkler, K. P. (1995). Gender-aware supervision in marriage and family counseling and therapy. How far have we actually come? Counselor Education and Supervision, 34(4), 344-355.

Ron, K. (1996). Open live supervision in family therapy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 18(1), 69-83.

Rothberg, N. (1997). Family therapist supervision: Philosophy and process. Clinical Supervisor, 15(1), 167-173.

Rudes, J., Shilts, L., & Berg, I. K. (1997). Focused supervision seen through a recursive frame analysis. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 23(2), 203-215.

Ryder, R. & Hepworth, J. (1990). AAMFT ethical code: "Dual relationships." Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 16(2), 127-132.

Sand-Pringle, C., Zzarski, J.J., & Wendling, K.E. (1995). Swords into plowshares supervisory issues with violent families. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 14(3), 34-46.

Schindler, N.J. & Talen, M.R. (1996). Supervision 101: The basic elements for teaching beginning supervisors. Clinical Supervisor, 14(2), 109-120.

Selekman, M.D., & Todd, T.C. (1995). Co-creating a context for change in the supervisory system: The solution-focused supervision model. Journal of

Systemic Therapies, 14(3), 21-33.

Shamai, M. (1998). Therapist in distress: Team-supervision of social workers and family therapists who work and live under political uncertainty. Family Process, 37(2), 245-259.

Shilts, L.G. & Aronson, J. (1993). Circular hearing: Working through the muddles of supervision. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 4(1), 57-67.

Shilts, L., Rambo, A., & Hernandez, L. (1997). Clients helping therapists find solutions to their therapy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 19(1), 117-132.

Smith, C.W., Smith, T.A., & Salts, C.J. (1991). The effects of supervisory interruptions on therapists and clients. American Journal of Family Therapy, 19(3), 250-256.

Smith, R.C., Mead, D.E., & Kinsella, J.A. (1998). Direct supervision : Adding computer-assisted feedback and data capture to live supervision. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 24(1), 113-125.

Smith, R.L. (1994). Directions in marriage and family graduate-level training. Counselor Education and Supervision, 33(3), 180-182.

Storm, C.L. & Heath, A.W. (1991). Problem-focused supervision: Rationale, exemplification, and limitations. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 2(1), 55-70.

Storm, C.L., York, C.D., & Sheehy, P.T. (1990). Supervision of cotherapists: Cotherapy liaisons and the shaping of supervision. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 1(1), 65-74.

Taibbi, R. (1990). Integrated family therapy: A model for supervision. Families in Society, 71(9), 542-549.

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Title I. [Online]. Available: http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/ada.html (02 June 2001).

Triantafillou, N. (1997). A solution-focused approach to mental health supervision. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 16(4), 305-328.

Turner, J. & Fine, M. (1995). Postmodern evaluation in family therapy supervision. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 14(2), 47-56.

Wark, L. (1995). Live supervision in family therapy: Qualitative interviews of supervision events as perceived by supervisors and supervisees. American Journal of Family Therapy, 23(1), 25-37.

Wark, L. (1995). Defining the territory of live supervision in family therapy training: A qualitative study and theoretical discussion. Clinical Supervisor, 13(1), 145-162.

Watson, M.F. (1993, February). Supervising the person of the therapist: Issues, challenges and dilemmas. Contemporary Family Therapy, 15(1), 21-31.

West, J.D., Bubenzer, D.L., Pinsoleault, T., & Holeman, V. (1993). Three supervision modalities for training marital and family counselors. Counselor Education and Supervision, 33(2), 127-138.

Westheafer, C.W. (1990). Intervening in a rigid supervisory system: A Bowen/structural view of neutrality. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 11(3), 147-153.

Wetchler, J.L. (1990). Solution-focused supervision. Family Therapy, 17(2), 129-138.

Wetchler, J.L., Trepper, T.S., McCollum, E.E., & Nelson, T. (1993). Videotape supervision via long-distance telephone. American Journal of Family Therapy, 21(3), 242-247.

Wetchler, J.L. & Vaughn, K.A. (1992). Perceptions of primary supervisor interpersonal skills: A critical incident analysis. Contemporary Family Therapy, 14(2), 127-136.

Wetchler, J.L. (1998). The role of primary emotion in family therapy supervision. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 17(3), 70-80.

White, M. (1986). Negative explanation, restraint, and double description: A template for family therapy. Family Process, 25, 169-184.

White, M. (1989/1990). Family therapy training and supervision in a world of experience and narrative. Dulwich Centre Newsletter, Summer, 27-38.

White, M.B. & Russell, C.S. (1997). Examining the multifaceted notion of isomorphism in marriage and family therapy supervision: A quest for conceptual clarity. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 23(3), 315-333.

White, M.B. & Russell, C.S. (1995). The essential elements of supervisory systems: A modified Delphi study. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 21(1), 33-53.

Wilcoxon, S.A. (1992). Criteria for the selection and retention of supervisees: A survey of approved supervisors. Family Therapy, 19(1), 17-24.

Williams, L. (1994). A tool for training supervisors: Using the Supervision Feedback Form (SFF). Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 20(3), 311-315.

Wong, Y.S. (1997). Live supervision in family therapy: Trainee perspectives. Clinical Supervisor, 15(1), 145-157.

Worthington, E. L. (1987). Changes in supervision as counselors and supervisors gain experience: A review. Professional Psychology, 18, 189-208.

Wright, L.M., Luckhurst, P.G., & Amundson, J.K. (1990). Family therapy supervision as counter-induction. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 1(30), 65-74.

Young, J., Saunders, F., Prentice, G., & Macri-Riseley, D. (1997). Three journeys toward the reflecting team. Australia & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 18(1), 27-37.

Zarski, J.J., Sand-Pringle, C., Greenbank, M., & Cibik, P. (1991). The invisible mirror: In-home family therapy and supervision. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 17(2), 133-143.

Publications, Tapes, Videos, Web Sites

AAMFT. (1999). Approved supervisor designation: Standards and responsibilities handbook. Washington, DC: AAMFT.

AAMFT. (2000) Readings in family therapy supervision: Selected articles from the AAMFT supervision bulletin. Washington, DC: AAMFT.

Borders, L.D., Bernard, J.M., Dye, H.A., Fong, M.L., Henderson, P., & Nance, D.W. (1991). Curriculum guide for training counselor supervisors: Rationale, development, and implementation. Counselor Education and Supervision, 31, 58-80.

Crawford, R.W. (1994). Bug-in-the-ear revisited: Type of supervision directives, trainee CPI personality dimensions, and ratings of supervision effectiveness. Dissertation Abstracts International, 54(12-A), 4359.

Disque, J.G. (1993). The experiences of marriage and family therapy supervisors and supervisees. Dissertation Abstracts International, 53(10-A), 3687.

Fortugno, L.T. (1992, November). Intersession break talk in supervision: A permeable frame analysis. Dissertation Abstracts International, 53(5-A), 1399.

Goodyear, R.K. (1982). Psychotherapy supervision by major theorists [videotape series]. Manhattan, KS: Instructional Media Center.

Gorman, P.A. (1990). Family therapy supervision in an agency setting: An analysis of moments-of-intervention. Dissertation Abstracts International,50(12-B, Pt 1), 5880.

Grant, C.S. (1999). Supervisees’ experience of beginning supervision: An analysis for training. Dissertation Abstracts International, 59(9-B), 5082.

Koob, J.J. (1999). The effects of solution-focused supervision on the perceived self-efficacy of developing therapists. Dissertation Abstracts International, 59(8-A), 2870.

Mawdsley, A.B. (1999). The theory and practice of group supervision in marriage and family therapy: A Delphi study. Dissertation Abstracts International, 59(9-B), 4723.

Minuchin, S. (1997). The leap to complexity: Supervision in family therapy. In J.K. Zeig (Ed.) The evolution of psychotherapy: The third conference (pp. 271-281). New York, NY: Brunner/Mazel.

Ratliff, D.A. (1992). Managing dissensus in family therapy supervision: A conversation analysis. Dissertation Abstracts International, 53(4-A), 1060.

West, J.D., Bubenzer, D.L., & Bitter, J.R. (Eds.) (1998). Social construction in couple and family counseling. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

Marriage and Family Therapy Licensing/Certification Boards

As of this publication, there are 48 states with licensing or certification for the practice of Marriage and Family Therapy. Other state legislatures are considering regulatory bills. This list contains the regulated titles and addresses of state boards regulating Marriage and Family Therapists. Individual state information may be obtained by contacting the boards listed below.

Alabama
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Alabama Board of Examiners in Marriage and Family Therapy
ATTN: Paula McCaleb, Executive Director
P.O. Box 240066
Montgomery AL 36124-0066
Phone: 334-215-7233
Fax: 334-215-7231
Email: paula.scout@mft.alabama.gov
Webpage: http://www.mft.state.al.us

Alaska
Licensed Marital and Family Therapist
Licensed Marital and Family Therapy Associate
Alaska Board of Marital and Family Therapy
Division of Occupational Licensing
Department of Commerce and Economic Development
ATTN: Cori Hondolero, Licensing Examiner
P.O. Box 110806
Juneau AK 99811-0806
Phone: 907-465-2551
Fax: 907-465-2974
Email: cori_hondolero@commerce.state.ak.us
Webpage: http://www.dced.state.ak.us/occ/home.htm

Arizona
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Licensed Associate Marriage and Family Therapist
Board of Behavioral Health Examiners
ATTN: Debra Rinaudo, Executive Director
1400 W. Washington St., Rm. 350
Phoenix AZ 85007
Phone: 602-542-1882
Fax: 602-364-0890
Email: azbbhe@bbhe.state.az.us
Webpage: http://www.bbhe.state.az.us/

Arkansas
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Licensed Associate Marriage and Family Therapist
Arkansas Board of Examiners in Counseling
ATTN: Ann Thomas, Executive Director
P.O. Box 70
Magnolia AR 71754-0070
Phone: 870-901-7055 or 870-901-7059
Fax: 870-234-1842
Email: arboec@sbcglobal.net
Webpage: http://www.state.ar.us/abec/

California
Marriage and Family Therapist
Marriage and Family Therapist Intern
Board of Behavioral Sciences
ATTN: Paul Riches, Executive Director
400 R Street, Suite 3150
Sacramento CA 95814
Phone: 916-445-4933
Fax: 916-323-0707
Email: bbswebmaster@bbs.ca.gov
Webpage: http://www.bbs.ca.gov

Colorado
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Colorado State Board of Marriage and Family Therapist Examiners
Dept. of Regulatory Agencies
ATTN: Gayle D. Fidler, Program Director
1560 Broadway, Suite 880
Denver CO 80202
Phone: 303-894-7766
Fax: 303-894-7747
Email: gayle.fidler@dora.state.co.us 
Webpage: http://www.dora.state.co.us/Mental-Health/

Connecticut
Licensed Marital and Family Therapist
Marital and Family Therapy Licensure
Dept. of Public Health Services
ATTN: Judith Bailey
410 Capitol Avenue MS-12APP
P.O. Box 340308
Hartford CT 06134-0308
Phone: 860-509-7603
Fax: 860-509-8457
Email: oplc.dph@po.state.ct.us
Webpage: http://www.dph.state.ct.us

Delaware
In June 2005, the state of Delaware passed legislation to license marriage and family therapists. Contact information for the Delaware Marriage and Family Therapy Licensure Board will be available soon.
 

District of Columbia
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Marriage and Family Therapy Intern
Board of Marriage and Family Therapy
Allied and Behavioral Health Boards
ATTN: Bonnie Rampersaud, Executive Director
825 N. Capitol Street, NE, Suite 2224
Washington, DC 20002
Phone: 202-442-4770
Fax: 
Email:
Webpage:

Florida
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Registered Marriage and Family Therapist Intern
Board of Clinical Social Work, Marriage and Family Therapy and Mental Health Counseling
ATTN: Dee Ramer
4052 Bald Cypress Way BIN #C08
Tallahassee FL 32399-3258
Phone: 850-245-4474
Fax: 850-921-5389
Email: Dee_Ramer@doh.state.fl.us 
Webpage: http://www.doh.state.fl.us/mqa/491/soc_home.html

Georgia
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Associate Marriage and Family Therapist
Georgia Composite Board of Professional Counselors, Social Workers, and Marriage and Family Therapists
ATTN: Lee Tracy, Executive Director
237 Coliseum Drive
Macon, GA 31217-3858
Phone: 478-207-1670
Fax: 478-207-1676
Email: slstubbs@sos.state.ga.us 
Webpage: http://www.sos.state.ga.us/plb/counselors/

Hawaii
Marriage and Family Therapist
Professional and Vocational Licensing Division
Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs
ATTN: Kathy Hashimoto, Executive Officer
P.O. Box 3469
Honolulu HI 96801
Phone: 808-586-2693
Fax: 808-586-2874
Email: mft@dcca.hawaii.gov 
Webpage: http://www.hawaii.gov/dcca/areas/pvl/programs/marriage/

Idaho
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Board of Professional Counselor and Marriage and Family Therapists
Bureau of Occupational Licenses
ATTN: Janice Wiedrick
1109 Main Street, Suite 220
Boise ID 83702-5642
Phone: 208-334-3233
Fax: 208-334-3945
Email: cou@ibol.state.id.us
Webpage: http://www2.state.id.us/ibol/cou.htm 

Illinois
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Associate Marriage and Family Therapist
Marriage and Family Therapist Licensing and Disciplinary Board
Illinois Department of Professional Regulation
ATTN: 
320 W. Washington St., 3rd Floor
Springfield IL 62786
Phone: 217-785-0800
Fax: 217-785-7645
Email: prfgroup06@ildpr.com
Webpage: http://www.ildpr.com/WHO/marfm.asp

Indiana
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Social Worker, Marriage and Family Therapist, and Mental Health Counselor Board
Health Professions Bureau
ATTN: Valerie Jones, Board Director
402 W. Washington Street, Room W066
Indianapolis IN 46204
Phone: 317-234-2064
Fax: 317-233-4236
Email: hpb5@hpb.IN.gov
Webpage: http://www.in.gov/pla/bandc/mhcb/

Iowa
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Board of Behavioral Science Examiners
Iowa Dept. of Public Health, Bureau of Professional Licensing
ATTN: Judy Manning
Lucas State Office Bldg., 5th floor
321 East 12th Street
Des Moines IA 50319-0075
Phone: 515-281-4413
Fax: 515-281-3121
Email: jmanning@idph.state.ia.us
Webpage: www.idph.state.ia.us/licensure/

Kansas
Licensed Clinical Marriage and Family Therapist
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Behavioral Sciences Regulatory Board
ATTN: Phyllis Gilmore, Executive Director
712 S. Kansas Avenue
Topeka KS 66603-3817
Phone: 785-296-3240
Fax: 785-296-3112
Email: pgilmore@ink.org 
Webpage: http://www.ksbsrb.org 

Kentucky
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Marriage and Family Therapy Associate
Board of Licensure of Marriage and Family Therapists
ATTN: Laura Clark, Board Administrator
P.O. Box 1360
Frankfort KY 40602
Phone: 502-564-3296 ext.239
Fax: 502-564-4818
Email: Laura.Clark@ky.gov 
Webpage: http://finance.ky.gov/ourcabinet/caboff/OAS/op/marrfamth/ 

Louisiana
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Marriage and Family Therapy Intern
Louisiana Licensed Professional Counselors Board of Examiners
ATTN: Eddye Boeneke, Administrative Assistant
8631 Summa Avenue, Suite A
Baton Rouge LA 70809
Phone: 225-765-2515
Fax: 225-765-2514
Email: lpcboard@eatel.net 
Webpage: http://www.lpcboard.org 

Maine
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Board of Counseling Professionals Licensure
Office of Licensing and Registration
Dept. of Professional & Financial Regulation
ATTN: Anne Head, Director
35 State House Station
Augusta ME 04333-0035
Phone: 207-624-8626
Fax: 207-624-8637
Email: anne.l.head@maine.gov
Webpage: http://www.state.me.us/pfr/olr/

Maryland
Licensed Clinical Marriage and Family Therapist
Licensed Graduate Marriage and Family Therapist
State Board of Professional Counselors and Therapists
ATTN: Aileen Taylor, Executive Director
4201 Patterson Avenue
Baltimore MD 21215-2299
Phone: 410-764-4732
Fax: 410-358-1610
Email: taylorai@dhmh.state.md.us 
Webpage: http://dhmh.state.md.us/bopc

Massachusetts
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Board of Regulation of Allied Mental Health and Human Services Professionals
Division of Registration
ATTN: Erin Arnold, Executive Director
239 Causeway Street, Suite 500
Boston MA 02114
Phone: 617-727-3074
Fax: 617-727-2197
Email: susan.e.coco@state.ma.us
Webpage: http://www.state.ma.us/reg/boards/mh/

Michigan
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Board of Marriage and Family Therapy
Bureau of Health Services
ATTN:  Diane Lewis, Board Administrator
P.O. Box 30670
Lansing MI 48909
Phone: 517-335-0918
Fax: 517-241-1212
Email: drlewis@michigan.gov
Webpage: http://www.michigan.gov/mdch/0,1607,7-132-27417_27529_27538---,00.html

Minnesota
Licensed Marital and Family Therapist
Licensed Associate Marital and Family Therapist
Board of Marriage and Family Therapy
ATTN: Robert C. Butler, Executive Director
2829 University Ave. SE, Suite 330
Minneapolis MN 55414-3222
Phone: 612-617-2220
Fax: 612-617-2221
Email: Robert.Butler@state.mn.us
Webpage: http://www.bmft.state.mn.us/

Mississippi
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Board of Examiners for Social Workers and Marriage and Family Therapists
ATTN: Bill Dilworth, Executive Director
350 W. Woodrow Wilson Ave., 3rd, Suite 3635
P.O. Box 4508
Jackson MS 39296-4508
Phone: 601-987-6806
Fax: 601-987-6808
Email: contact@msboeswmft.com
Webpage: http://www.msboeswmft.com

Missouri
Licensed Marital and Family Therapist
State Committee of Marital and Family Therapists
ATTN: Loree Kessler, Executive Director
3605 Missouri Blvd.
P.O. Box 1335
Jefferson City MO 65102-1335
Phone: 573-751-0870
Fax: 573-751-0735
Email: maritalfam@pr.mo.gov
Webpage: http://pr.mo.gov/marital.asp

Nebraska
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
The Nebraska Board f Mental Health Practice
ATTN: Helen Meeks
P.O. Box 94986
Lincoln NE 68509-4986
Phone: 402-471-2117
Fax: 402-471-3577
Email: kris.chiles@hhss.state.ne.us 
Webpage: http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/crl/mhcs/mental/cmft.htm

Nevada
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Marriage and Family Therapist Intern
State Board of Examiners For Marriage and Family Therapists
ATTN: Letty Lindsey, Executive Director
P.O. Box 72758
Las Vegas NV 89170-2758
Phone: 702-486-7388
Fax: 702-486-7258
Email: nvmftbd@aol.com
Webpage: http://marriage.state.nv.us/

New Hampshire
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Board of Mental Health Practice
Dept. of Health and Human Service
ATTN: Peggy Lynch, Board Administrator
49 Donovan Street 
Concord NH 03301
Phone: 603-271-6762
Fax:
Email: mlynch@dhhs.state.nh.us
Webpage: http://www.state.nh.us/mhpb/

New Jersey
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Marriage and Family Therapist Temporary Permit
State Board of Marriage and Family Therapy Examiners
Division of Consumer Affairs
ATTN: Elaine DeMars, Executive Director
P.O. Box 45007
Newark NJ 07101
Phone: 973-504-6415 or 973-504-6582
Fax: 973-504-6458
Email: askconsumeraffairs@lps.state.nj.us
Webpage: http://www.state.nj.us/lps/ca/medical/familytherapy.htm

New Mexico
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Counseling and Therapy Practice Board
ATTN: Eve Baca, Administrator
2550 Cerrillos Road
Santa Fe NM 87504
Phone: 505-476-4610
Fax: 505-476-4633
Email: counselingboard@state.nm.us
Webpage: http://www.rld.state.nm.us/b&c/Counseling/index.htm

New York
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
State Board for Mental Health Practitioners
ATTN: David Hamilton, Executive Secretary
NYS Education Department
Office of the Professions
89 Washington Avenue, 2nd Floor
Albany, NY 12234-1000
Phone: 518-474-3817 ext. 450
Fax: 518-486-2981
Email: MHPBD@mail.nysed.gov 
Webpage: http://www.op.nysed.gov/mhpques-ans.htm.

North Carolina
Licensed Marital and Family Therapist
North Carolina Marriage and Family Therapy Licensure Board
ATTN: Wanda Nicholson, Executive Director
P.O. Box 37669
Raleigh, NC 27627
Phone: 919-772-6600
Fax: 919-772-6007
Email: ncmftlb@nc.rr.com 
Webpage: http://www.nclmft.org

North Dakota
In April 2005, the state of North Dakota passed legislation to license marriage and family therapists. Contact information for the North Dakota Marriage and Family Therapy Licensure Board will be available soon.

Ohio
Licensed Independent Marriage and Family Therapist
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Ohio Counselor, Social Worker and Marriage and Family Therapist Board
ATTN: Jim Rough, Executive Director
77 S. High Street, 16th Floor
Columbus, OH 43215-6108
Phone: 614-466-0912
Fax: 614-728-7790
Email: cswmftinfo@cswb.state.oh.us
Webpage: http://cswmft.ohio.gov 

Oklahoma
Licensed Marital and Family Therapist
Oklahoma Licensed Marriage and Family Therapy Board
Oklahoma State Dept. of Health
ATTN: Nena West, Director
1000 N.E. 10th Street
Oklahoma City OK 73117-1299
Phone: 405-271-6030
Fax: 405-271-1918
Email: nenaw@health.state.ok.us 
Webpage: www.health.ok.gov/program/lpc 

Oregon
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Board of Licensed Professional Counselors and Therapists
ATTN: Julia M. Cooley, Administrator
3218 Pringle Rd. S.E. Suite 250
Salem OR 97302-6312
Phone: 503-378-5499
Fax: 503-378-3575
Email: julia.m.cooley@state.or.us
Webpage: http://www.oblpct.state.or.us/

Pennsylvania
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
State Board of Social Workers, Marriage and Family Therapists, and Professional Counselors
Department of State
Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs
ATTN:  Sandra Matter, Board Administrator
P.O. Box 2649
Harrisburg PA 17105-2649
Phone: 717-783-1389
Fax: 717-787-7769
Email: ST-SOCIALWORK@state.pa.us
Webpage: http://www.dos.state.pa.us/bpoa/socwkbd/mainpage.htm

Rhode Island
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Board of Mental Health Counselors and Marriage and Family Therapists
Division of Health Services Regulation
Health Professions
ATTN: Donna Dickerman, Board Administrator
3 Capitol Hill, Room 104
Providence RI 02908-5097
Phone: 401-222-2827
Fax: 401-222-1272
Email: donna.dickerman@health.ri.gov 
Webpage: http://www.health.ri.gov/hsr/professions/mf_counsel.php

South Carolina
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist Intern
Board of Examiners for Licensure of Professional Counselors, Marital and Family Therapists and Psycho-Educational Specialists
ATTN: Kate K. Cox, Administrator
P.O. Box 11329
Columbia SC 29211-1289
Phone: 803-896-4658
Fax: 803-896-4719
Email: harrings@mail.llr.state.sc.us 
Webpage: http://www.llr.state.sc.us/pol/counselors

South Dakota
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
South Dakota Board of Counselor Examiners
Dept. of Commerce and Regulation
ATTN: Joyce Vos, Executive Secretary
P.O. Box 1822
Sioux Falls SD 57101-1822
Phone: 605-331-2927
Fax: 605-331-2043
Email: sdbce.msp@midconetwork.com
Webpage: http://www.state.sd.us/dcr/counselor/couns-ho.htm

Tennessee
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Board of Certification for Professional Counselors and Marriage and Family Therapists
ATTN: 
Cordell Hull Building
425 5th Ave. North, Third Floor
Nashville TN 37247-1010
Phone: 615-532-5138
Fax: 615-532-5368
Email: TN.health@state.tn.us
Webpage: http://www.state.tn.us/health

Texas
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist Associate
Board of Examiners of Marriage and Family Therapists
Professional Licensing and Certification Division
Texas Department of State Health MC-1982
ATTN: 
1100 W. 49th Street
Austin TX 78756-3183
Phone: 512-834-6657
Fax: 512-834-6677
Email: mft@dshs
Webpage: http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/mft/

Utah
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Marriage and Family Therapist Intern
Marriage and Family Therapy Board
Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing
Dept. of Commerce
ATTN: 
160 East 300 South
P.O. Box 146741
Salt Lake City UT 84114-6741
Phone: 801-530-6628
Fax: 801-530-6511
Email: 
Webpage: http://www.commerce.utah.gov/opl/index.html

Vermont
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Board of Allied Mental Health Practitioners
Office of Professional Regulation
Secretary for State Office
ATTN: Diane Lafaille, Staff Secretary
26 Terrace Street, Drawer 09
Montpellier VT 05609-1106
Phone: 802/ 828-2390
Fax: 802/ 828-2465
Email: dlafaill@sec.state.vt.us 
Webpage: http://www.vtprofessionals.org/opr1/allied

Virginia
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Virginia Board of Counseling
ATTN: Evelyn Brown, Executive Director
6603 W. Broad St., 5th Floor
Richmond VA 23230-1712
Phone: 804-662-9912
Fax: 804-662-7250
Email: coun@dhp.virginia.gov 
Webpage: http://www.dhp.state.va.us/counseling/default.htm

Washington
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Washington State Department of Health
Health Professions Quality Assurance Division
ATTN: 
P.O. Box 47865
Olympia WA 98504
Phone: 360-236-4700
Fax: 360-236-4818
Email: hpqa.csc@doh.wa.gov
Webpage: http://www.doh.wa.gov/Licensing.htm

Wisconsin
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Examining Board of Social Workers, Marriage and Family Therapists, and Professional Counselors
Bureau of Health Service Professions- Marriage and Family Therapy Section
Dept. of Regulation and Licensing
ATTN: 
1400 E. Washington Ave.
P.O. Box 8935
Madison WI 53708-8935
Phone: 608-266-0145
Fax: 608-261-7083
Email: dorl@drl.state.wi.us 
Webpage: http://www.drl.state.wi.us

Wyoming
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
Mental Health Professionals Licensing Board
ATTN: Veronica Skoranski, Occupational Licensing Director
2020 Carey Avenue, Suite 201
Cheyenne WY 82002
Phone: 307-777-7788
Fax: 307-777-3508
Email: vskora@state.wy.us
Webpage: http://plboards.state.wy.us/mentalhealth/

Montana, and West Virginia do not currently have regulations governing the practice or licensure of Marriage and Family Therapists.