1. Weight Management Overview

	Statistics Related to Overweight and Obesity What are overweight and obesity? How are overweight and obesity measured? Body Mass Index Table Waist Circumference Why do statistics about overweight and obesity differ? Prevalence Statistics Related to Overweight and Obesity How many adults are overweight? How many adults are obese? How many adults are at a healthy weight? How has the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults changed over the years? What is the prevalence of overweight and obesity in minorities? Figure 1: Age-adjusted prevalence of overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and obesity (BMI > 30) What is the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children, and adolescents? What is the prevalence of diabetes in people who are overweight or obese? What is the prevalence of hypertension (high blood pressure) in people who are overweight or obese? What is the prevalence of high blood cholesterol in people who are overweight or obese? What is the prevalence of cancer in people who are overweight or obese? What is the mortality rate associated with obesity? Economic Costs Related to Overweight and Obesity What is the cost of overweight and obesity? What is the cost of heart disease related to overweight and obesity? What is the cost of type 2 diabetes related to overweight and obesity? What is the cost of osteoarthritis related to overweight and obesity? What is the cost of hypertension (high blood pressure) related to overweight and obesity? What is the cost of gallbladder disease related to overweight and obesity? What is the cost of cancer related to overweight and obesity? What is the cost of lost productivity related to obesity? Other Statistics Related to Overweight and Obesity How much do we spend on weight-loss products and services? How physically active is the U.S. population? What is the cost of lack of physical activity? What are the benefits of physical activity? REFERENCES Do You Know the Health Risks of Being Overweight? Type 2 Diabetes What is it? How is it linked to overweight? What can weight loss do? Heart Disease and Stroke What is it? How is it linked to overweight? What can weight loss do? Cancer What is it? How is it linked to overweight? What can weight loss do? Sleep Apnea What is it? How is it linked to overweight? What can weight loss do? Osteoarthritis What is it? How is it linked to overweight? Gallbladder Disease What is it? How is it linked to overweight? What can weight loss do? Fatty Liver Disease What is it? How is it linked to overweight? What can weight loss do? How Can I Lower My Health Risks? Additional Resources
	Weight Loss For Life Who should lose weight? How We Lose Weight Do-it-yourself programs Non-clinical programs Clinical programs Diet Calorie level Good nutrition Types of diets Figure 2. The Food Guide Pyramid Figure 3. One Serving Equals Physical Activity Behavior Change What Works For You? Additional Reading Other Resources
	Tips For Adults What Is a Healthy Diet? Tips For Healthy Eating Lower fat versions of favorite foods Quick breakfast ideas Easy snack ideas What Makes People Overweight? If You Need to Lose Weight Getting Active Are You Ready To Be Even More Active? Be Good To Yourself Additional Reading Additional Resources
	Helping Your Overweight Child Is my child overweight? How can I help my overweight child? Be supportive Encourage healthy eating habits Healthy snack foods for your child to try. Encourage daily physical activity Discourage inactive pastimes Your health care provider Weight-control program Other Resources
	Taking Charge of Your Health Family Matters So, where do I start? Physical Activity — It Doesn't Have To Be A Chore! Get Moving! You Are What You Eat! What do you eat? Where do you usually eat? Why do you eat? Snack Attack Staying Healthy and Happy Additional Reading Resources and Organizations
	Dieting and Gallstones What are gallstones? What causes gallstones? What are the symptoms of gallstones? Is obesity a risk factor for gallstones? Is weight-loss dieting a risk factor for gallstones? Is weight cycling a risk factor for gallstones? Is surgery to treat obesity a risk factor for gallstones? How can I safely lose weight and decrease the risk of gallstones? What is the treatment for gallstones? Are the benefits of weight loss greater than the risk of getting gallstones? Additional Reading
	Physical Activity and Weight Control Becoming physically active Health benefits of physical activity Aerobic activity Get started! Strength training Get strong! Mind and body exercise7; Keep moving! Tips to a safe and successful physical activity program Guide to Physical Activity Activity progression Additional Resources
	You Can Control Your Weight As You Quit Smoking Will I gain weight if I stop smoking? What causes weight gain after quitting? Can I avoid weight gain? Accept yourself Get regular moderate-intensity physical activity Limit snacking and alcohol Consider using medication to help you quit Will weight gain hurt my health?
	Active at Any Size What very large activities can a very large person do? Walking Dancing Water workouts Weight training Bicycling Stretching Lifestyle activities Safety tips Additional Resources
	Weight Loss Myths Diet Myths Meal Myths Physical Activity Food Myths Additional Reading Additional Resources
	Weight Cycling What is weight cycling? If I regain lost weight, won't losing it again be even harder? Will weight cycling leave me with more fat and less muscle than if I had not dieted at all? Is weight cycling harmful to my health? Is staying overweight healthier than weight cycling? Conclusions For Further Reading
	Very-Low-Calorie Diets What is a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD)? Who should use a VLCD? Health benefits of a VLCD Adverse effects of a VLCD Maintaining weight loss Choosing a Safe and Successful Weight-Loss Program A responsible and safe weight-loss program Ask questions What does the weight-loss program consist of? What are the staff qualifications? Does the product or program carry any risks? How much does the program cost? What results do participants typically have? Additional Resources
	Medical Care for Obese Patients Challenges in Treating Obese Patients Patient Barriers to Adequate Medical Care and Preventive Services Health Care Provider Earners to Adequate Medical Care and Preventive Services Additional Reading Patient Referrals and Information Medical Supplies and Equipment Advocacy Organizations
	Prescription Medications For the Treatment of Obesity Medications That Promote Weight Loss Table 1. Prescription Weight-Loss Medications Single Drug Treatment Combined Drug Treatment Potential Benefits of Medication Treatment Potential Risks and Concerns When Considering Medication Commonly Asked Questions About Weight-Loss Medications Can medications replace physical activity or changes in eating habits as a way to lose weight? Will I regain some weight after I stop taking weight-loss medications? How long will I need to take weight-loss medications to treat obesity? What dosage of weight-loss medication would be right for me? I only need to lose 10 pounds. Are weight-loss medications appropriate for me? What to Discuss with Your Doctor before Choosing Weight-Loss Medication How will I be evaluated to determine if I am an appropriate candidate for weight-loss medication? What other medical conditions or medications might influence my decision to take a weight-loss medication? What type of program will be provided along with the medication to help me improve my eating and physical activity habits? Appropriate Treatment Goals for Using Prescription Weight-Loss Medications
	Gastrointestinal Surgery For Severe Obesity The Normal Digestive Process How Does Surgery Promote Weight Loss? What Are the Surgical Options? Restrictive operations Malabsorptive operations Explore Benefits and Risks Benefits Risks Medical Costs Is the Surgery for You? Additional Reading Additional Resource
	Binge Eating Disorders How does someone know if he or she has binge eating disorder? How common is binge eating disorder, and who is at risk? What causes binge eating disorder? What are the complications of binge eating disorder? Should people with binge eating disorder try to diet? How can people with binge eating disorder be helped? For More Information Additional Reading

2. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults

	Introduction Who is at risk? Why treat overweight and obesity? What Treatments Are Effective?
	Clinical Guidelines Assessment Body mass index Waist circumference Table 2. Classification of Overweight and Obesity by BMI Risk status Patient motivation Evaluation and Treatment Table 3. Selected BMI Units Categorized by Inches (CM) and Pounds (KG) Goals of weight loss and management Strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance Figure 1. Treatment Algorithm Adapt weight loss programs to meet the needs of diverse patients
	Summary of Evidence-Based Recommendations Advantages of Weight Loss Blood pressure Serum/plasma lipids Blood glucose Measurement of Degree of Overweight and Obesity BMI to assess overweight and obesity BMI to estimate relative risk Assessing abdominal fat Sex-specific measurements Goals For Weight Loss Initial goal of weight loss from baseline Amount of weight loss How to Achieve Weight Loss Dietary therapy Physical activity Behavior therapy Summary of lifestyle therapy Pharmacotherapy Weight loss surgery Goals For Weight Loss Maintenance Weight maintenance phase Special Treatment Groups Smokers Older adults Diverse patient populations Genetic Influence in the Development of Overweight and Obesity
	Evaluation and Treatment Strategy Figure 2. Treatment Algorithm
	Exclusion from Weight Loss Therapy
	Patient Motivation
	Goals of Weight Loss and Management Weight Loss Target levels for weight loss Rate of weight loss Weight maintenance at lower weight Prevention of further weight gain
	Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance Dietary Therapy Physical Activity Table 4: Low Caloried Step 1 Diet Strategies to Increase Physical activity Table 5: Examples of Moderate Amounts of Activity Behavior therapy Behavior therapy strategies used in weight loss and weight maintenance programs Table 6: Duration of Various Activities to Expend 1 Kilocalories For an Average KG (154 LB) Adult Treatment of Obese Individuals with Binge Eating Disorder Combined therapy Pharmacotherapy Table 7: Weight Loss Drugs Surgery for weight Loss Adapting Weight Loss Programs to Meet the Needs of Diverse Patient Populations Table 8: Gastric Bypass Surgery Complications: 14-Year Follow Up Weight Reduction After Age — What Are The Issues?
	Smoking Cessation in the Overweight or Obese Patient
	Role of Health Professionals in Weight Loss Therapy
	Obesity and Sleep Apnea

3. Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

	Introduction What should Americans eat to stay healthy? Eating is one of life's greatest pleasures Diet is important to health at all stages of life Foods contain energy, nutrients, and other components that affect health Physical activity fosters a healthful diet What is a healthful diet? The Recommended Dietary Allowances refer to nutrients The Dietary Guidelines describe food choices that promote good health Food labels and the Food Guide Pyramid are tools to help you make food choices
	Eat a Variety of Foods To obtain the nutrients and other substances needed for good health, vary the foods you eat Figure 1. Food Guide Pyramid Use foods from the base of the Food Guide Pyramid as the foundation of your meals Box 1: Choose Food From Each of Five Food Groups What counts as a "serving"? Choose different foods within each food group What about vegetarian diets? Foods vary in their amounts of calories and nutrients Growing children, teenage girls, and women have higher needs for some nutrients Box 2: What Counts As a Serving? Box 3: Some Good Sources of Calcium Enriched and fortified foods have essential nutrients added to them Box 4: Some Good Sources of Iron Where do vitamin, mineral, and fiber supplements fit in? Advice for today Figure 2. Nutrition Facts
	Balance the Food You Eat With Physical Activity-Maintain or Improve Your Weight How to maintain your weight Box 5: To Increase Calorie Expenditure by Physical Activity How to evaluate your body weight Figure 3: Are You Overweight Location of body fat Problems with excessive thinness If you need to lose weight Weight regulation in children Box 6: To Decrease Calorie Intake Advice for today
	Choose a Diet with Plenty of Grain Products, Vegetables, and Fruits Most of the calories in your diet should come from grain products, vegetables, and fruits Plant foods provide fiber Plant foods provide a variety of vitamins and minerals essential for health Advice for today Box 7: Some Good Sources of Carotenoids Box 8: Some Good Sources of Folate Box 9: For a Diet With Plenty of Grain Products, Vegetables, and Fruits, Eat Daily
	Choose a Diet Low in Fat, Saturated Fat, and Cholesterol Foods high in fat should be used sparingly Choose a diet low in fat Choose a diet low in saturated fat Figure 4. Nutrition Facts Box 10. Maximum Total Fat Intake at Different Calorie Levels Box 11: For a Diet Low in Fat, Saturated Fat, and Cholesterol Choose a diet low in cholesterol Advice for children Advice for today
	Choose a Diet Moderate in Sugars Sugars come in many forms Sugars, health, and weight maintenance Box 12: On a Food Label Sugars Include Sugar substitutes Sugars and dental caries Box 13: For Healthier Teeth and Gums Advice for today
	Choose a Diet Moderate in Salt and Sodium Sodium and salt are found mainly in processed and prepared foods Sodium is associated with high blood pressure Other factors affect blood pressure Box 14: Some Good Sources of Potassium Most Americans consume more salt than is needed Most people consume more than this amount Advice for today Box 15: To Consume Less Salt and Sodium
	If You Drink Alcoholic Beverages, Do So in Moderation Who should not drink? Advice for today Box 16: What is Moderation?
	Food Exchange List
	Fat-Free Versus Regular Calorie Comparison
	Low-Calorie, Lower-Fat Alternatives
	How Much Are You Eating? How much do you eat? Pyramid Recommendations Portions and servings — What's the difference? Chart 1: How to Use The Food Guide Pyramid Chart 2: Sample Food Portions Larger Than 1 Pyramid Servings How can you follow pyramid recommendations? Tips to Help You Choose Sensible Portions Don't he fooled by large portions Nutrition facts label serving sizes The bottom line

4. Finding a Weight Loss Program That Works For You

Ad Nauseam: The year 2000 Ads Nauseam include the following dubious claims

Nutrition Action Health letter Rates Diet Books

Weight Loss

What's involved in following the program?
What are the staff qualifications?
What are the risks of using the product or services?
What are all the costs of this program?
How can I improve my chances for keeping the weight off?
How successful are other people who follow this program?
What if a provider claims to follow the guidelines, but won't answer my questions?

Being Overweight: A Risky Business

Rate your risk
Find your body mass index (BMI)
Weighing your risk

Personal Health Profile Evaluation Checklist

Checklist for Evaluating Weight Loss Programs and Services

Membership List

The Partnership for Healthy Weight Management

5. Medical Care for Obese Patients: Advice for Health Care Professionals

Table 1: Classification of Weight by Body Mass Indent
Body Mass Index Chart
Figure 1: Body Mass Index Chart

Access to Care

Physical setting
Table 2: Adapting the Office for Obese Patients

Weighing Patients

Special Health Needs of Patients Who Are Extremely Obese

Table 3: Conditions for Which Obese Patients Are at Special Risk

Improving Health in the Absence of Weight Loss Treatment

Preventive Care and Health Counseling

Resources

Enhancing Self-Acceptance

Members of the National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity

REFERENCES

6. Rationale for the Surgical Treatment of Morbid Obesity

REFERENCES

	Introduction
	Rationale for the Surgical Treatment of Morbid Obesity
	Non-Operative Patient
	Surgical Treatment Goals
	Patient Selection
	Risks of Surgical Treatment Childbearing
	Nutritional Consequences of Gastric Restrictive Surgery for Obesity
	FDA Approves Implanted Stomach Band to Treat Severe Obesity
	What Specific Recommendations Can Be Made For the Treatment of Severe Obesity Preoperative Psychological Testing

7. Obesity, Physical Activity, and Weight Control Glossary