Chemical Dependency
Self-Study Examination
Instructions: After studying the text answer the following true/false or multiple choice questions. Remember, there's only one answer to each question.
a) True b) False
a) how many people are alcoholic and whether overall drinking levels are increasing or decreasing; b) how much and what types of alcoholic beverages Americans are drinking; c) the scope of various health and social problems from alcohol abuse. d) a and b above e) a, b and c
a) Studies in the general population indicate that an equal number of women and men drink. b) A larger proportion of black women drink heavily compared to white women. c) Married women are more likely to drink heavily than women who have never married. d) Female alcoholics have death rates 50 to 100 percent higher than those of male alcoholics.
a) Women are more likely to seek treatment because of family problems. b) Women are encouraged by parents or children to pursue therapy whereas men are en- couraged to pursue therapy by their wives. c) Fewer women than men reach treatment through the criminal justice system. d) all of the above
a) Clinical test to measure liver enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) b) CAGE questionnaire c) Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) d) Self-Administered Alcoholism Screening Test (SMST) e) Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS)
a) sensitivity b) specificity
a) blood tests for biochemical markers b) self-report interviews and questionnaires
a) social drinking b) drinking that generally does not cause problems, either for the drinker or for the society c) no more than 2 drinks a day d) on the average 7 drinks per week
a) women generally drink alone, hidden from others. b) men have less body water than women. c) women have smaller physique. d) of the significant difference in activity of an enzyme in stomach tissue of males and females. e) men have higher tolerance for alcohol.
a) Women have lower total body water content than men of comparable size. b) They have greater fat-to-muscle ratio. c) Women have higher metabolism rate of alcohol in the stomach. d) Men are socially conditioned to tolerate alcohol better.
a) Marriage creates its own stress and strife. Unmarried or divorced women are less likely to drink heavily and experience alcohol-related problems than married women. b) White women are more likely to abstain from alcohol than black women. c) Chronic alcohol abuse exacts a greater physical toll on women than men. Female alcoholics have death rates 50 to 100 percent higher than those of male alcoholics. d) More women than men reach treatment through the criminal justice treatment.
a) 50/50 b) 75/25 c) 25/75 d) 10/90
a) Malformation associated with FAS is a result of malnutrition. b) The risk of FAS is independent of ethnic background. c) Alcohol consumption during the first trimester poses little risk of fetal abnormalities. d) Episodic binge drinking (as opposed to heavy alcohol consumption thoughout pregnancy) causes no fetal syndrome. e) Because we do not know at what point alcohol damage begins it is prudent to recommend that pregnant women abstain from alcohol throughout pregnancy.
a) Asians b) Hispanics c) Native Americans d) whites e) blacks
a) Children of alcoholics are four times more likely than non-coAs to develop alcoholism. b) There is a relationship between parental alcoholism and child abuse. c) Population studies show that children of alcoholics, having experienced the abuse from an alcoholic parent, avoid marrying into families in which alcoholism is prevalent. d) COAs tend to score lower on tests that measure cognitive and verbal skills. e) In general, COAs appear to have lower self-esteem than non-COAs in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood.
a) cognitive b) emotional c) behavioral
a) costs of treating alcoholism b) costs related to the medical consequences of alcohol use_trauma, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, and so forth
a) blacks b) Hispanics c) American Indians d) Asians e) whites
a) predispose b) protect c) have no effect on
a) assimilation b) flushing c) acculturation d) alienation e) Americanization
a) increased drinking due to the acute stress of the conflict. b) decreased drinking due to the cultural and religious prohibition against alcohol in the Islamic society.
a) boring, stressful work b) availability of alcohol in the workplace c) female-dominated occupation d) limited work supervision e) nonexistence of alcohol policy
a) Nicotine and alcohol both bring about the release of dopamine, reinforcing the desired effect of each drug. b) Nicotine alters the metabolism of the alcohol, affecting its absorption, distribution or elimi- nation from the body. c) Long-term smoking induces tolerance to the rewarding effects of alcohol, requiring in- creased consumption of alcohol. d) Nicotine's stimulating effects mitigate alcohol-induced loss of mental alertness, allowing greater consumption of alcohol. e) Alcohol's sedating effects compensate for the stimulating effects of nicotine, facilitating continued tobacco use.
a) fatty liver b) alcoholic hepatitis c) cirrhosis d) chronic pancreatitis e) malabsorption of nutrients
a) mania b) schizophrenia c) antisocial personality disorder d) anxiety disorders
a) marijuana b) cocaine c) sedatives d) opioids e) hallucinogens
a) abstainers b) moderate drinkers c) heavy drinkers
a) beer b) wine c) liquor d) they all provide equal protection
a) fatty liver b) alcoholic hepatitis c) cirrhosis
a) abstinence. b) surgery. c) liver transplantation. d) diet and nutrition.
a) Alcohol hinders the metabolic function of the liver. b) Long-term alcohol consumption leads to excess production of free radicals, which can destroy healthy liver tissue. c) Alcohol consumption decreases cytokine levels, leading to infection and cell damage. d) Alcohol diminishes scarring_an essential part of the wound-healing process.
a) upper digestive tract. b) liver. c) breast. d) colon. e) stomach.
a) Drinking increases vulnerability to HIV infection among people exposed to the virus. b) Among people who are already HIV infected, alcohol-induced immunosuppression adds to HIV-induced immunosuppression, and speeds the onset of AIDS-related illness. c) Alcohol is associated with high-risk sexual activity that potentially can result in exposure to HIV. d) all of the above
a) After continued drinking consumption of a constant amount of alcohol produces a lesser effect. b) Increasing amounts of alcohol are necessary to produce the same effect. c) both of the above
a) functional tolerance. b) metabolic tolerance.
a) tolerance to alcohol's effects when alcohol is administered in the same environment b) tolerance to most alcohol effects observed within a single drinking session c) development of tolerance as a result of exposure to large quantities of alcohol d) development of tolerance by practicing a task while under the influence of alcohol
a) Functional tolerance means inability to function physically and mentally at acceptable levels. b) When a person develops functional tolerance to alcohol, he or she may be able to do tasks requiring mental functions but may have trouble doing tasks requiring eye-hand co- ordination. c) When a person develops tolerance to the pleasurable, but not to the unpleasant, effects of alcohol he or she may consume alcohol at progressively higher level. d) People who have developed tolerance to alcohol do not require treatment for alcohol abuse.
a) shorter b) longer
a) alcohol amnestic disorder (memory disorder). b) dementia associated with alcoholism.
a) Drinking alcohol produces physiological stress. b) People drink to relieve stress caused by economic, job or marital problems. c) both of the above d) none of the above
a) Alcohol consumed at bedtime decreases the time required to fall asleep. b) Alcohol consumed withing an hour of bedtime appears to disrupt the second half of the sleep period. c) both of the above d) none of the above
a) higher incidence of hip fractures b) alcohol-involved traffic crashes c) loss of protective effect against heart disease even with moderate drinking d) adverse interactions with medications e) depressive disorders
a) sensitivity b) tolerance
a) Older persons cannot metabolize alcohol as efficiently. b) There is less sensitivity to alcohol in older persons. c) Elderly have less stress. d) Because alcohol abuse is a major cause of mortality, early mortality among life long abusers leaves a surviving older population that consumes less alcohol.
a) Due to advances in the manufacture of heroin heroin is more readily available now. b) Due to abundance of supply, the cost of heroin is significantly lower. c) Availability of high purity heroin allows users to snort or smoke instead of injecting it, which has a greater stigma attached to it. d) Criminal penalties for the use of heroin have been lowered.
a) cocaine b) heroin c) methamphetamine d) marijuana e) LSD
a) MDMA (Ecstasy) b) Methylphenidate c) Flunitrazepam d) Ketamine e) Gamma hydroxybutyrate
a) readily available. b) customized to meet each individual's particular problems. c) voluntary. d) a combination of behavioral and medications approach. e) of optimum duration.
a) 1 week b) 2 weeks c) 1 month d) 3 months
a) It helps the patient resist drugs. b) Early evidence of drug use allows the counselor to make changes in the treatment plan. c) It provides feedback to the patient. d) It helps the program director to remove offending patients from the treatment.
a) behavioral therapy b) medications c) combination of both
a) psychological stress from work. b) significant changes in brain function due to long-term drug use. c) family problems. d) association with other drug-using individuals. e) environment.
a) 10 to 20 percent. b) about 30 percent. c) 40 to 60 percent. d) nearly 100 percent.
a) 4 weeks. b) 90 days. c) 6 months. d) 12 months.
a) levels of criminal behavior b) family functioning c) employability d) medical condition e) reduction in drug dealing in the neighborhood
a) affordability b) pressure from the criminal justice system c) quality of the program d) physical facilities at the treatment center e) other participants in the program
a) Methadone is cheaper than heroin. b) Methadone is safe and legal. c) Methadone does not produce the "rush" or "crash" associated with heroin. d) Pharmacological effects of methadone are similar to those of heroin except less devastating on the body.
a) Naltrexone has serious side effects. b) It is addictive and there's a potential for abuse. c) Patients generally accept it because it produces euphoria, albeit minor, similar to the one produced by common opiates. d) It must be injected intravenously three times a day. e) Patients stabilized on naltrexone can hold a job, avoid crime and violence, and reduce their exposure to HIV.
a) employed individuals with family support. b) individuals who do not have extensive social supports. c) patients with severe addiction problems with co-occurring mental health problems. d) individuals in the criminal justice system.
a) provide support and reinforcement of coping skills, yielding better long-term outcomes b) anticipate the problems patients are likely to meet and help them develop effective coping strategies c) involve family members and other people important in helping patients avoid drugs d) help patients feel comfortable in discussing their personal experiences and work through interpersonal relationship issues
a) The eupohoria produced by heroin or cocaine can be attributed to the drug's rapid rate of action which in turn makes it more liable to be abused. b) Snorted cocaine produces greater eupohoria than smoked or intravenous cocaine. c) Cocaine once it reaches brain has a long duration of action that allows frequent abuse. d) The potential usefulness of methadone as a treatment compound lies in its fast dissipation action.
a) rate of action b) duration of action
a) a vast majority of drug-abusing women have histories of physical and sexual abuse. b) they fear reprisal from their spouses or boyfriends. c) There are few programs designed to treat women drug-addicts. d) women who use drugs have low self-esteem.
a) Patients are taught new ways of acting and thinking that will help them stay off drugs. b) A system of rewards and punishments is instituted to make abstinence attractive and drug use unattractive. c) Patients are urged to avoid situations that lead to drug use and to practice drug refusal skills. d) Patients are asked to make plans to prevent relapses, and in the event of a relapse follow a pre-set procedure to get back to abstinence.
a) Prevention programs should avoid targeting multiple drug abuse, such as tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, etc. They should concentrate on a single drug abuse. b) Since drug abuse is found predominantly in dysfunctional families, prevention efforts should focus on parents only or children only, not both. c) For cost effectiveness, prevention programs should address general nature of the drug abuse problem in the community, leaving specifics to the family. d) Prevention programs should be long-term, with repeat interventions to reinforce the original prevention goals.
a) decline in the funding for services such as medical, legal, employment and financial help for the patients b) ineffectiveness of drug abuse treatment programs c) inadequate training programs for drug counselors d) public's general apathy toward repeated drug abusers
a) 90 days b) 6 months c) 1 year d) 7 years
a) Brief intervention is generally restricted to four or fewer sessions, each session lasting from a few minutes to 1 hour. b) Brief intervention is conducted by counselors specializing in alcohol abuse treatment. c) It is most often used with patients who are not alcohol dependent, but report drinking at levels considered "risky" or "hazardous." d) The goal of brief intervention is generally moderate drinking rather than abstinence.
a) physician telling the patient that his or her drinking may be contributing to a certain medi- cal problem, such as hypertension b) physician telling the patient to take responsibility and make a choice for reducing drinking c) warm, reflective and understanding style of counseling d) offereing a variety of strategies to reduce drinking e) patient's readiness to change