Chronic Illness in Children and Adolescents

Self-Study Examination

Instructions: After studying the text answer the following true/false or multiple choice questions.  Remember, there's only one answer to each question.

1. Which of the following define chronic:
  1. persist for more than three months within 1 year
  2. can be completely cured when the cause is identified
  3. affect the child’s typical functioning and normal activities
  4. require ongoing care f

a) 1, 2, and 3
b) 3 and 4
c) 3 only
d) 1, 3, and 4

2. Between _____ % and _____% of school-age children and adolescents in the U.S. have a significant ongoing health-care need related to a chronic health condition.

a) 7, 15
b) 20, 30
c) 5, 29
d) 9, 16

3. It is estimated that up to 98% of the children diagnosed with a chronic illness now live to be at least _____ years old.

a) 20
b) 25
c) 30
d) 35

4. This chronic disease causes more school absences each year than any other chronic disease:

a) cancer
b) cystic fibrosis
c) asthma
d) colds

5. Cystic fibrosis is genetically inherited and affects the _________ channels in the body, causing respiratory and digestive problems.

a) potassium
b) sodium
c) chloride
d) mucous

6. Blindness, kidney disease, and amputation of arms and legs are frequently caused by:

a) sickle cell disease
b) certain types of cancer
c) diabetes mellitus
d) diabetes insipidous

7. This is the leading cause of death in children aged 1-3 years with sickle cell disease:

a) infection
b) stroke
c) trauma
d) hypoxia to the brain

8. This diagnosis is made by clinical interviews, through history, rating scales, checklists, and symptom criteria from DSM-IV-TR:

a) psychological diagnosis
b) clinical diagnosis
c) medical diagnosis

9. Evidence on the psychological adjustment shows these children are at an increased risk for depression, anxiety, and eating disorders:

a) asthma
b) cancer
c) cystic fibrosis
d) diabetes mellitus

10. In this model, (Thompson and Gustafson, 1996), chronic illness is viewed as a potential stressor to which the family system attempts to adapt:

a) disability stress coping model
b) transactional stress and coping model

11. Self-reported anxiety in children with severe asthma was higher when compared with children with mild asthma.

a) true
b) false

12. The family environment and its level of functioning accounts for a ________ role in predicting adaptation to chronic illness among children and their caregivers.

a) leading
b) variable
c) significant
d) positive

13. The most commonly used behavior rating scales for children and adolescents are:
  1. Semistructured Clinical Interview for Children and Adolescents
  2. Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales
  3. Child Behavior Checklist
  4. Behavior Assess

a) all but 2
b) 2, 3, and 4
c) 3 and 4
d) 1, 3, and 4

14. The Personal Adjustment and Roles Skills Scale is a ___________- rated measure of the psychological adjustment of children and adolescents with disabilities or chronic illnesses.

a) parent
b) teacher
c) clinician
d) physician

15. This involves teaching the patient to relax and then exposing him or her, in imagination, to the mildest stimuli first then exposing the patient to stronger anxiety-producing stimuli until the patient can tolerate extreme stimuli:

a) relaxation training
b) constructing the anxiety hierarchy
c) desensitization in imagination
d) in vivo desensitization

16. One of the hallmarks of CBT is the reliance on an empirical approach that involves:

a) using standardized tests to evaluate the child’s thinking
b) asking counselors about a child’s emotions
c) designing treatments based on a child’s behavior
d) collecting objective and reliable information from multiple sources

17. This behavioral procedure involves the conscious redirection of the child’s attention from stressful stimuli to relaxing or entertaining stimuli:

a) refocusing
b) biofeedback
c) guided imagery
d) positive self-talk

18. Mental health practitioners will encounter children with _________ because it is the leading cause of chronic illness among children and adolescents.

a) cancer
b) asthma
c) diabetes mellitus
d) cystic fibrosis

19. The goal of assertiveness training with children with cancer was to improve children’s ability to effectively:

a) handling teasing from peers regarding hair loss or weight gain
b) deal with bouts of depression, fear and pain
c) express their thoughts, wishes, and concerns to others
d) relate to peers, siblings, parents and teachers

20. Professionals who use_________ guide children into an altered state of consciousness that helps them concentrate on images or sensations instead of pain.

a) hypnosis
b) relaxation
c) modeling
d) imagery

21. One of the primary symptoms of sickle cell disease in children and adolescents is:

a) stroke-like symptoms
b) shortness of breath
c) infections and fatigue
d) pain

22. The treatment for this disease involves the use of high-efficiency particulate air filters:

a) cystic fibrosis
b) asthma

23. Adolescents with diabetes tend to demonstrate better treatment adherence than younger children.

a) true
b) false

24. __________ has demonstrated promise as an intervention for adolescents with conduct problems, adherence to diabetes treatment, and adherence to treatment in adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

a) MST
b) BFST
c) SFT

25. Group therapy provides participants with an opportunity to process personal issues with others who have similar experiences of living with a chronic illness.

a) true
b) false

26. The STARBRIGHT program is a(n):

a) conventional peer-support group for youth with a chronic illness
b) self-management program
c) electronic support group for hospitalized children
d) self-regulatory skill training class

27. Approximately _____ _____ of pediatric patients with chronic illness are considered nonadherent to medical treatment recommendations.

a) one-quarter
b) one-third
c) one-half
d) three-fourths