Hypertension
Self-Study Examination
Instructions: After studying the text answer the following true/false or multiple choice questions. Remember, there's only one answer to each question.
a) polyunsaturated b) monounsaturated c) saturated d) they all have the same
a) True b) False
a) Obesity in childhood increases the likelihood of adult obesity. b) Most overweight children do not become obese. c) both of the above d) none of the above
a) 6 b) 140 c) 2400 d) 5000
a) stable angina b) unstable angina c) variant angina d) microvascular angina
a) physical exertion b) emotional stress c) extreme cold d) heavy meals e) cigarette smoking
a) more than 200 b) less than 130 c) less than 35 d) more than 35
a) 5 b) 10 c) 20 d) 30
a) men in the early to middle years b) women before menopause c) persons over age 65 d) African-American women who live in the Southeast
a) primary b) secondary c) none
a) Varying the amount and type of fats, carbohydrates, and protein in the diet has little, if any, effect on blood pressure. b) Avoiding caffeine in drinks like coffee, tea and sodas do not help prevent developing high blood pressure. c) Garlic and onions have no effect on blood pressure. d) Stress management helps to prevent high blood pressure.
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3
a) 5% b) 25% c) 65% d) 95%
a) salt used at the table b) salt added during cooking c) processed foods
a) <120 and <80 b) <130 and <85 c) 130-139 or 85-89 d) >139 or >89
a) yes b) no
a) electrocardiogram b) stress test c) nuclear scanning d) coronary angiography
a) population strategy b) targeted strategy
a) Many hypertensives are unaware of their condition. b) Many sustain vascular damage to their heart, brain, or kidneys. c) Hypertensive drugs can have adverse side effects. d) Treatment of hypertension is expensive over the long run.
a) increase b) decrease
a) distinguishing sustained hypertension from "white-coat hypertension" b) greater accuracy c) assessing response to hypertensive medication d) improve adherence to treatment e) reduce costs
a) sodium b) potassium c) calcium d) magnesium
a) resistant hypertension b) step-down therapy c) lowering DBP too much which may increase the risk for coronary events d) combination drug therapy
a) to 160/100 mm Hg b) by no more than 25 percent c) to 120/90 mm Hg d) by at least 35 percent
a) 140/90 mm Hg b) 135/85 mm Hg c) 125/75 mm Hg
a) SBP b) DPB c) SBP minus DBP
a) excessive vascular stiffness b) "white-coat" hypertension c) orthostatic fall in blood pressure and hypotension d) presence of other drugs
a) excessive alcohol intake b) sodium c) caffeine d) low dietary calcium e) low dietary potassium
a) diuretic b) beta-blocker c) direct vasodilators d) calcium antagonists e) a or b
a) weight loss b) physical activity c) dietary intervention d) sodium reduction
a) K4 b) K5
a) 1 b) 3 c) 5 d) 10
a) Hypertension is approximately twice as common in persons with diabetes as in those without. b) Hypertension occurs more frequently in persons with Type II diabetes than in those with Type I diabetes. c) The prevalence of coexistent hypertension and diabetes is almost twice as great among African Americans as among whites. d) The prevalence of hypertension and Type II diabetes increases with age.
a) rise b) fall
a) ACE inhibitors b) alpha-receptor blocking agents c) thiazide diuretics d) beta-blockers
a) cost of medication b) unclear instructions c) managed care d) lack of involvement of the patient in the treatment plan e) side effects of medication
a) chronic hypertension b) preeclampsia c) preeclampsia superimposed upon chronic hypertension d) transient hypertension
a) Women having normotensive pregnancies have a low likelihood of developing later chronic hypertension. b) Women with transient hypertension have high probability of ultimate essential hypertension. c) Women with transient hypertension in one pregnancy have no significant likelihood of having transient hypertension in the next pregnancy. d) Preeclamptic and eclamptic hypertension predict nothing.
a) weight reduction b) exercise c) sodium restriction d) avoidance of alcohol and tobacco e) all of the above
a) termination of pregnancy b) delivery
a) 1 b) 5 c) 10 d) 50
a) ACE inhibitors b) beta-blockers c) diuretics d) vasodilators
a) 14 mmHg b) 25 mmHg c) 30 mmHg d) 80 mmHg
a) diet suppressants b) excessive salt intake c) cocaine d) HIV e) pregnancy
a) In about 6 to 10 percent of cases PPH is inherited from other family members. b) PPH affects men and women in all age ranges. c) PPH also affects people of all racial and ethnic origins equally. d) PPH occurs in young women between the ages of 21 and 40 almost exclusively.
a) left b) right c) both d) no
a) electrocardiogram b) echocardiogram c) pulmonary function tests d) perfusion lung scan e) right-heart cardiac catheterization
a) normal blood pressure patterns b) prevention of high blood pressure c) target organ complications of hypertension d) the prognosis of cardiovascular events and mortality e) the effects of antihypertensive drugs
a) auscultatory b) oscillometric c) both d) none of the above
a) hypertension in large population groups b) "white-coat" hypertension c) borderline hypertension with target organ damage d) resistant hypertension
a) direct, intraarterial measurement b) indirect measurement using semiautomatic Remler device c) automatic measurement using auscultation of Korotkoff sounds or oscillometry d) finger cuff measurement
a) invasive b) bulky and noisy c) safety and complications issues d) cost-prohibitive for use in population at large
a) $100 to $300 b) $2,000 c) $5,000 d) $12,000 to $15,000
a) taking medication b) maintaining desirable weight c) joining hypertensive anonymous group d) increasing exercise e) moderating alcohol consumption
a) involve a family member b) schedule more frequent appointments c) lower goals for blood pressure reduction, even temporarily d) admit the patient to a hospital e) refer the patient to another health professional
a) diet used by most Americans b) diet used by most Americans but higher in fruits and vegetables c) "combination" plan
a) 700 b) 1240 c) 2400 d) 3000
a) magnesium b) potassium c) calcium d) protein and fiber e) fat