HIV/AIDS

Self-Study Examination

Instructions: After studying the text answer the following true/false or multiple choice questions.  Remember, there's only one answer to each question.

1. Current data suggest that the risk of transmission of HIV and Hepatitis B virus from a health-care worker to a patient during an invasive procedure is insignificant.

a) True
b) False

2. HIV is transmitted much more readily than HBV.

a) True
b) False

3. Select the incorrect statement from the following:

a) HCWs who perform exposure-prone procedures should undergo mandatory testing for HIV and HBV.
b) HCWs who are infected with HIV or HBV should be restricted from performing exposure-prone procedures.
c) HCWs who are infected with HIV or HBV should notify prospective patients of their seropositivity before they undergo exposure-prone invasive procedures
d) Infected HCWs who adhere to universal precautions and who do not perform invasive procedures pose no risk for transmitting HIV or HBV to patients.

4. Select the incorrect statement from the following:

a) The modes of transmission for HBV are similar to those for HIV.
b) The potential for HBV transmission in an occupational setting is greater than that for HIV.
c) Minimizing the risk of transmission of HIV requires different practices than those used in the prevention of transmission of HBV.
d) Blood is the single most important source of HIV and HBV infection in the workplace setting.

5. The risk of infection with HIV following one needle-stick exposure to blood from a patient known to be infected with HIV is approximately:

a) 0.05%
b) 0.5%
c) 2.5%
d) 5.0%

6. Select the incorrect statement from the following:

a) Under universal precautions, all patients should be assumed to be infectious for HIV and other blood-borne pathogens.
b) Universal precautions should be followed when workers are exposed to blood and certain other body fluids, or any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood
c) Universal precautions do not apply to feces, sweat, tears, urine, and vomitus.
d) Universal precautions do not apply to saliva except in the dental setting.
e) none of the above

7. Employer responsibilities in the prevention of transmission of HIV and HBV to health-care workers do not include:

a) Employer should classify activities with respect to their potential for exposure.
b) Employer should make available appropriate protective equipment.
c) Employer should offer pregnant women the right to refuse certain work assignments.
d) Employer should monitor the workplace to ensure that required work practices are observed and that protective clothing and equipment are provided and properly used.

8. Select the incorrect statement from the following:

a) A safe and effective vaccine to prevent hepatitis B has been available since 1982.
b) The effectiveness of the vaccine lasts up to 3 years.
c) Hepatitis B vaccines are 70-88% effective when given within 1 week after HBV exposure.
d) Combination treatment with hepatitis B vaccine and HBV following exposures increases the effectiveness to 90%.

9. HIV and HBV transmission has not been documented from exposure to feces, nasal secretions, sweat, tears, urine and vomitus.

a) True
b) False

10. Most HIV-infected workers seroconvert

a) within 1 week
b) between 6-12 weeks
c) after 6 months
d) within 5 to 7 years

11. There is no documented case of transmission of HBV from health-care workers to patients.

a) True
b) False

12. Soiled linen contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms poses negligible risk of disease transmission.

a) True
b) False

13. Semen and vaginal secretions have not been implicated in occupational trans- mission of HIV and HBV from patient to health-care workers.

a) True
b) False

14. Select the body fluid to which universal precautions apply:

a) semen
b) urine
c) feces
d) saliva
e) breast milk

15. Latex gloves provide greater barrier effectiveness than vinyl gloves.

a) True
b) False

16. Which of the following is not correct in the use of gloves?

a) Sterile gloves should be used during procedures involving contact with sterile areas of the body.
b) Change gloves between patients.
c) Do not wash or disinfect surgical gloves for reuse.
d) For instrument cleaning and decontamination procedures, general
e) Utility gloves should not be decontaminated and reused

17. A person or facility conducting testing for HIV/AIDS is required to register with the Department of Health.

a) True
b) False

18. A person admitted to a health care facility may be required to take an HIV test as a condition of treatment for the protection of health care personnel and public

a) True
b) False

19. The legislative intent behind HIV/AIDS statutes includes all of the following except

a) to dispel unreasonable and unscientific fears about the disease
b) to prevent discrimination in the workplace or treatment facilities on account of the HIV status of a person
c) to find a cure for the disease
d) to protect the right to privacy
e) to establish public programs for the education and treatment of persons infected with the disease

20. Before performing HIV testing, an informed consent of the subject person must be obtained which must be in writing.

a) True
b) False

21. HIV test results may not be disclosed by the testing facility except under certain circumstances. Which of the following is not such an exception?

a) insurance company authorized by the test subject
b) under a court order
c) past sexual contacts of the test subject
d) authorized medical or epidemiological researchers
e) medical personnel who have significant exposure in their practice

22. Informed consent prior to HIV testing is not required of a person convicted of prostitution.

a) True
b) False

23. "Significant exposure" refers to several body fluids. Select from the following one that does not apply:

a) urine
b) blood