Anxiety and Depression
Self-Study Examination
Instructions: After studying the text answer the following true/false or multiple choice questions. Remember, there's only one answer to each question.
a) Depressive illnesses are among the most prevalent of the mental disorders. b) Depressive illnesses are among the most treatable of all mental illnesses. c) Most people with a depressive illness do not seek treatment. d) all of the above e) a and b
a) loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities including sex b) sleep disturbances c) systemetized delusions d) appetitie and weight changes e) thoughts of suicide
a) True b) False
a) 25% b) 50% c) 75% d) 100%
a) Women as compared to men are at greater risk for major depression at every age. b) Bipolar disorder occurs more frequently in men than in women. c) The highest rates of major depression are found in people between the ages of 18 and 44. d) Empty-nest syndrome is not a valid explanation for depression in older women.
a) tricyclics b) MAOIs c) lithium d) aspirin
a) drug therapy b) psychosocial therapy c) electroconvulsive therapy
a) medications taken by older persons b) inadequate diet c) senility d) Elderly persons generally exaggarate their problems
a) sad, anxious mood lasting over a long period of time b) feeling of hopelessness, pessimism c) increased activity d) loss of appetite
a) Women are more vulnerable to depression than men. b) Women are not necessary more vulnerable to depression, but simply express or label their symptoms differently. c) Men are socially conditioned to deny feelings of depression or to bury them in alchohol. d) All of the above e) None of the above
a) Up to one in 8 individuals may require treatment for depression during their lifetimes. b) Among all patients, patients with bipolar disorder are diagnosed and treated most often. c) Less than 1/2 of the patients with major depressive disorder are properly recognized by practitioners. d) Most patients with depressive symptoms generally have their first contact with their primary care providers who are non-psychiatric practitioners.
a) prior episodes of depression b) family history of depressive disorder c) prior suicide attempts d) female gender e) age over 50
a) Once identified, depression can almost always be treated successfully. b) Not all patients respond to the same therapy, such as medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. c) A patient who fails to respond to the first treatment attempted is highly likely to respond to a different treatment. d) A clinical depression is a normal reaction to life’s difficulties and stresses.
a) Depressive disorders should not be confused with a depressed or sad mood. b) Depressed or sad mood is a normal response to specific life experiences, such as losses or disappointments. c) A depressed or sad mood is generally transient and is not associated with significant functional impairment. d) A sad or depressed mood is only one of the many signs and symptoms of clinical depression. e) all of the above
a) Most major depressive disorders begin when the person is in his or her 20s to 30s. b) More than 50% of those who suffer a single major depressive episode eventually develop another. c) The lifetime risk for major depressive disorder for women is 3 times that for men. d) Race, education and income have significant impact on the prevalence rates for major depressive disorder.
a) The mean age at onset of the bipolar disorders is in the mid 30s. b) Women are markedly more suseptible to bipolar I disorder than men. c) Ten to fifteen percent of untreated patients with bipolar I disorder commit suicide. d) Some patients with bipolar I disorder exhibit a “rapid cycling” pattern, in which they experience four or more episodes per year. The prognosis, however, is better with anti- depression medications.
a) Approximatley 12 to 16% of patients with another nonpsychiatric, general medical conditions, exhibit depressive symptoms. b) Persons with general medical disorder are at a higher risk for major depression. c) Most patients with a nonpsychiatric medical condition also have a mood disorder.
a) Patient with hypothyroidism exhibiting depressive symptoms b) Patient with Cushing’s disease who is suffering from a major depressive episode c) Patient with cancer who has become clinically depressed as a psychological reaction to the pain and incapacity d) all of the above e) none of the above
a) antihypertensives b) morphine c) anticonvulsents d) antibiotics e) anabolic steroids
a) 9 b) 6 c) 5 d) 11
a) depressed, blue or sad mood b) suicidal intention c) disorientation d) abnormal motor activity e) psychotic
a) resistance of patients to seek treatment b) reluctance of practitioners to look for and formally diagnose depression c) poor adherence by patients to the treatment d) other general medical disorders e) discrimination in employment, security clearance, etc.
a) depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day b) markedly diminished interest in almost all activities c) overeating d) insomnia/hypersomnia e) feelings of worthlessness
a) situational adjustment reaction b) grief reaction c) major depressive disorder d) bipolar disorder e) c and d
a) Individuals with recurrent major depressive disorder are at greater risk of developing bipolar disorder. b) Such persons are more likely to have first-degree biologic relatives with major depressive disorder. c) The episodes become increasingly frequent with never any symptom-free periods of normal functioning. d) The recurrent depressive episodes can be treated effectively with lithium alone.
a) Such patients usually have poorer intimate relationships. b) Such patients generally avoid using medical services. c) Patients with major depressive disorder have as many as five times the disability days as people in the general population. d) A nursing-home patient with major depressive disorder has a substantially greater likelihood of death in the first year following admission compared to one without major depressive disorder.
a) A key melancholic feature is that depression worsens at night than at any other time of the day. b) Melancholic features are not uniquely associated with a family history of depression c) The least effective treatment is with anxiiolycs. d) Most effective treatment is ECT.
a) depressed mood for most of the day for at least two years b) poor appetite or overeating c) occasional manic episodes d) feelings of hopelessness e) low self-esteem
a) A patient with bipolar disorder is more likely to go on an unrestrained buying spree or undertake foolish business ventures. b) Such a patient may hear “God’s voice” explaining that the patient has a special mission or special powers. c) The mean age at onset of bipolar disorder is in the early 30’s. d) Women with bipolar disorder are much more likely than men to attempt suicide; men are more likely to complete suicide.
a) Alcoholism is a consequence of depression. b) Many alcoholics develop depressive symptoms.
a) Many persons with concurrent major depressive disorder and panic or generalized anxiety disorders may actually have only a single disorder that presents with both anxiety and depressive symptoms. b) Anxiety disorder almost always precedes depression. c) The combination of panic and major depressive disorders results in a more severe disorder with greater impairment than does either disorder alone. d) Lifetime suicide attempt rates for persons with both panic and major depressive disorders are more than twice those of persons with panic disorder, but without major depressive disorder.
a) Major depression occurs in approximately 25% of patients with cancer. b) Many drugs used to treat cancer are associated with depressed mood as a side effect. c) Patients with cancer evidence a greater rate of major depression than do those with other medical disorders. d) The highest rates of clinical depression are usually found in patients with advanced cancer.
a) reserpine b) betablockers c) clonidine d) ACE inhibitors
a) living alone b) African-American race c) male gender d) advanced age
a) They provide more false-positive results. b) They provide many more False-negative results.
a) overeating b) oversleeping c) difficulty in falling asleep d) weight gain
a) medication b) psychotherapy c) combination of medication and psychotherapy d) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) e) cognitive therapy
a) the depression is mild to moderate b) nonpsychotic c) the patient desires psychotherapy d) a and b above e) a, b and c
a) yes b) no
a) maintenance anti-depressant medication b) maintenance psychotherapy
a) physiologic side effects b) psychotherapy is expensive c) therapy sessions are time consuming and might be inconvenient d) psychotherapy is not effective in patients with severe or psychotic depressions e) the quality of the therapy depends upon the competence of the therapist
a) the presence of a personality disorder b) socioeconomic status c) concurrent substance abuse d) the patient’s lack of acceptance of the diagnosis or treatment plan e) troublesome treatment side effects
a) continue medication at corrected dosage b) discontinue the first medication and begin a second c) augment the first medication with the second medication d) add psychotherapy to the initial medication e) initiate involuntary commitment procedures for the patient
a) discontinue the first medication and begin with a second b) augment the first medication with a second medication
a) add psychotherapy to medication b) change the dosage of medication c) prescribe a drug from another class of antidepressant medications d) reevaluate the patient’s condition
a) change the form of psychotherapy b) change or augment the medication c) consult or refer the patient for alternative medication or ECT
a) patients with melancholic symptoms b) patients with less severe form of depression c) patients who have psychotic depression d) catatonic patients e) where rapid response is required due to the suicidal behavior of the patient
a) slower metabolism with age often requires lower dosages b) forgetfulness c) transportation difficulties d) medically significant side effects e) limited financial resources
a) Patients who have had three episodes of major depression, have a 90% chance of having another. b) Maintenance medications should generally be of the same type and dosage found effective in acute phase treatment. c) Depression medications are generally safe, even with long-term use. d) For most patients, maintenance psychotherapy as the sole treatment to prevent reoccurrence of major depression disorder is generally recommended. e) All patients with a single episode of major depression disorder are advised to discontinue medication after four to nine months of continuation treatment