1. |
Identify common myths based on personal beliefs and experience. |
2. |
Recognize misconceptions related to expression of pain and how these influence your nursing interventions. |
3. |
Identify areas of pain management that need to be changed. |
4. |
Identify myths related to addiction and pain relief. |
5. |
Recognize your own strengths and weaknesses in the area of pain management. |
6. |
Identify the various origins of pain sensations. |
7. |
Describe the route of transmission of painful stimuli. |
8. |
Identify various neurotransmitters and their role in the transmission of pain. |
9. |
Explain how the reflex arc protects the body from excessive injury. |
10. |
Identify the function of the limbic system, the thalamus, the cerebral cortex and the reticular formation. |
11. |
Explain the gate-control theory of pain transmission. |
12. |
Identify the components of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), and how it relates to the body's response to pain. |
13. |
Identify the characteristics related to acute pain. |
14. |
Compare and contrast the etiology, assessment and treatment modalities of both acute and chronic pain. |
15. |
Describe the myths associated with the management of acute and chronic pain and how they affect your nursing assessment and interventions. |
16. |
Discuss the impact of personal bias and popular beliefs related to persons with chronic benign low back pain. |
17. |
Identify the etiology of sickle cell pain and nursing interventions that are most effective in managing this type of chronic pain. |
18. |
Describe the types of arthritis and the current treatment choices. |
19. |
Identify the three major types of headache pain and the etiology associated with each. |
20. |
Explain the etiology of cancer pain and how misconceptions regarding tolerance and reparatory depression affect pain management. |
21. |
Describe initial assessment criteria for pain management. |
22. |
Describe ongoing assessment of patients with pain. |
23. |
Compare and contrast the assessment of patients with acute vs. chronic pain. |
24. |
Select rating scales based upon individual differences and specific patient populations. |
25. |
Explain the rationale for using specific assessment tools and rating scales for the assessment of pain. |
26. |
Identify both the psychological and physical effects of pain. |
27. |
Demonstrate the ability to select and develop instruments for the assessment of pain for specific patient populations. |
28. |
Identify factors that affect individual behaviors and responses to pain. |
29. |
Explain specific considerations for the assessment of respiratory depression and sedation. |
30. |
Describe the correct documentation of pain management assessment. |
31. |
Identify opioid and non-opioid medications used for the treatment of both acute and chronic pain. |
32. |
Identify indications, contraindications, dosages, routes of administration, and side effects of common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). |
33. |
Discuss the indications for concomitant use of opioids and non-opioids, for the control of moderate to severe pain. |
34. |
Explain the use of the analgesic equivalent charts. |
35. |
Calculate correct dosages, changing routes of administration as well as drugs. |
36. |
Identify the action and duration of both NSAIDs and opioid medications. |
37. |
Identify indications, contraindications, dosages, routes of administration and side effects of common opioid medications used for pain management. |
38. |
Explain the rationale and proper procedure for the administration of Narcan. |
39. |
Identify medications and nursing interventions for the control of opioid side effects. |
40. |
Explain the role of adjuvant medications for the control of pain. |
41. |
Identify the advantages and disadvantages of alternative treatment modalities. |
42. |
Explain the rationale for non-pharmacological treatment techniques. |
43. |
Describe how to teach relaxation exercises. |
44. |
Identify several methods of distraction. |
45. |
Explain the principles of biofeedback. |
46. |
Describe the use of transcutaneous stimulation. |
47. |
Discuss the potential for the use of acupuncture and acupressure for the relief of pain. |
48. |
Explain the nursing role in the use of non-pharmacologic pain management interventions. |