Prenatal exposure to alcohol during pregnancy damages the developing fetus and is a leading preventable cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities (1–3). Children exposed to alcohol during fetal development can suffer multiple negative effects, including physical and cognitive deficits. Although the number and severity of negative effects can range from subtle to serious, they are always lifelong.
Referral and diagnosis for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) can be made throughout the lifespan. However, the majority of persons with FAS are referred and receive a diagnosis during childhood. Thus, the terms “child” or “children” as used in these guidelines are not intended to preclude referral, assessment, and diagnosis of older persons.