v
Smoking and Your Digestive System |
Harmful Effects
|
Heartburn
|
Peptic Ulcer
|
Liver Disease
|
Crohn’s Disease
|
Gallstones
|
Can the damage be
reversed?
|
For more information
|
2. Foodborne Illness |
v
Bacteria and Foodborne Illness |
Causes
|
Symptoms
|
Risk Factors
|
Complications
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
Prevention
|
Food Irradiation
|
Links to Other Disorders
|
Common Sources of
Foodborne Illness
|
Points to Remember
|
v
Viral Gastroenteritis |
Symptoms
|
Causes
|
Transmission
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
Prevention
|
Points to Remember
|
3. Common Digestive Problems |
v
Indigestion |
v
What I Need to Know About Constipation |
Disease Definition
|
Clinical Presentation and
Natural History
|
What is constipation?
|
What can I do about
constipation?
|
Points to Remember
|
v
Constipation in Children |
v
Lactose Intolerance |
What is lactose
intolerance?
|
How is lactose
intolerance diagnosed?
|
How is lactose
intolerance treated?
|
How is nutrition
balanced?
|
What is hidden lactose?
|
Summary
|
v
Gas in the Digestive Tract |
What causes gas?
|
Swallowed Air
|
Breakdown of Undigested
Foods
|
Which foods cause gas?
|
What are some symptoms
and problems of gas?
|
Belching
|
Flatulence
|
Abdominal Bloating
|
Abdominal Pain and
Discomfort
|
What diagnostic tests are
used?
|
How is gas treated?
|
Diet
|
Nonprescription Medicines
|
Prescription Medicines
|
Reducing Swallowed Air
|
Conclusion
|
Points to Remember
|
v
Bleeding in the Digestive Tract |
What
causes bleeding in the digestive tract?
|
What are the common
causes of bleeding in the digestive tract?
|
Esophagus
|
Stomach
|
Small Intestine
|
Large Intestine and
Rectum
|
How is bleeding in the
digestive tract recognized?
|
How is bleeding in the
digestive tract diagnosed?
|
Endoscopy
|
Other Procedures
|
How is bleeding in the
digestive tract treated?
|
How do you recognize
blood in the stool and vomit?
|
What are the symptoms of
acute bleeding?
|
What are the symptoms of
chronic bleeding?
|
For more information
|
v
Fecal Incontinence |
Causes
|
Constipation
|
Muscle Damage
|
Nerve Damage
|
Loss of Storage Capacity
|
Diarrhea
|
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
Dietary Changes
|
Medication
|
Bowel Training
|
Surgery
|
What to do about anal
discomfort
|
Emotional Considerations
|
Everyday Practical Tips
|
Fecal Incontinence in
Children
|
Why children get
constipated
|
Hope Through Research
|
For more information
|
v
Infectious Diarrheas |
Summary
|
Definition and Diagnosis
|
Risk Factors and
High-Risk Groups
|
Child Day-Care Centers
|
Bacterial Diarrheas
|
Salmonellosis
|
Shigellosis
|
E. Coli
0157:h7–Hemorrhagic Colitis
|
Viral Diarrheas
|
4. Miscellaneous Disorders |
v
Appendicitis |
Causes
|
Symptoms
|
People With Special
Concerns
|
Diagnosis
|
Medical History and
Physical Examination
|
Laboratory Tests
|
Imaging Tests
|
Treatment
|
Surgery
|
Antibiotics and Other
Treatments
|
Complications
|
Prevention
|
Points to Remember
|
v
Hemorrhoids |
Clinical Epidemiology of
Hemorrhoids
|
What are hemorrhoids?
|
What are the symptoms of
hemorrhoids?
|
How common are
hemorrhoids?
|
How are hemorrhoids
diagnosed?
|
Diagnosis
|
What is the treatment?
|
How are hemorrhoids
prevented?
|
v
Gallstones |
Diet and Alcohol
|
What are gallstones?
|
What causes gallstones?
|
Cholesterol Stones
|
Pigment Stones
|
Other Factors
|
Who is at risk for
gallstones?
|
What are the symptoms?
|
How are gallstones
diagnosed?
|
What is the treatment?
|
Surgery
|
Nonsurgical Treatment
|
Don’t people need their
gallbladders?
|
Points to Remember
|
v
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis |
Summary
|
Definitions
|
Current Means of
Diagnosis
|
Natural History
|
Prevention
|
Diverticulum,
diverticulosis, diverticulitis
|
What causes diverticular
disease?
|
What are the symptoms?
|
Diverticulosis
|
Diverticulitis
|
What are the
complications?
|
Bleeding
|
Abscess, Perforation, and
Peritonitis
|
Fistula
|
Intestinal Obstruction
|
How does the doctor
diagnose diverticular disease?
|
What is the treatment for
diverticular disease?
|
Diverticulosis
|
Diverticulitis
|
When is surgery
necessary?
|
Points to Remember
|
Additional Readings
|
v
Wilson’s Disease |
v
Gastroparesis and Diabetes |
What is gastroparesis?
|
Signs and Symptoms
|
Complications of
Gastroparesis
|
Major Causes of
Gastroparesis
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
Insulin for Blood Glucose
Control
|
Medication
|
Meal and Food Changes
|
Feeding Tube
|
Parenteral Nutrition
|
New Treatments
|
Hope Through Research
|
Points to Remember
|
v
Rapid Gastric Emptying |
v
Gastritis |
v
Proctitis |
v
Pancreatitis |
Acute Pancreatitis
|
Symptoms
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
Complications
|
Gallstones and
Pancreatitis
|
Chronic Pancreatitis
|
Symptoms
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
Pancreatitis in Children
|
Points To Remember
|
Hope Through Research
|
v
Short Bowel Syndrome |
v
Inguinal Hernia |
v
Intestinal Adhesions |
Symptoms
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
Prevention
|
v
Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome |
The Four Phases of CVS
|
Triggers
|
CVS and Migraine
|
Symptoms
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
Complications
|
Points to Remember
|
v
Hirschsprung’s Disease |
What is Hirschsprung’s
disease?
|
Why does HD cause
constipation?
|
What causes HD?
|
If I have more children,
will they have HD too?
|
What are the symptoms?
|
Symptoms in Newborns
|
Symptoms in Young
Children
|
Symptoms in Teenagers and
Adults
|
How does the doctor find
out if HD is the problem?
|
Barium Enema X Ray
|
Manometry
|
Biopsy
|
What is the treatment?
|
Pull-through Surgery
|
Colostomy and Ileostomy
|
What will my child’s
life be like after surgery?
|
Ostomy
|
Adjusting After
Pull-through
|
Diet and Nutrition
|
Infection
|
Points to Remember
|
Acknowledgments
|
v
Clostridium Difficile Infection |
For more information
|
5. Hepatitis |
v
Viral Hepatitis: A Through E and Beyond |
Symptoms of Viral
Hepatitis
|
Hepatitis A
|
Hepatitis B
|
Hepatitis C
|
Hepatitis D
|
Hepatitis E
|
Other Causes of Viral
Hepatitis
|
Hope Through Research
|
v
Autoimmune Hepatitis |
Autoimmune Disease
|
Symptoms
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
Side Effects
|
Other Treatments
|
Hope Through Research
|
Points to Remember
|
v
What I Need to Know About Hepatitis A |
What is hepatitis A?
|
What causes hepatitis A?
|
How could I get hepatitis
A?
|
Who can get hepatitis A?
|
What are the symptoms?
|
How is hepatitis A
treated?
|
How can I protect myself?
|
v
What I Need to Know About
Hepatitis B |
What is hepatitis B?
|
What causes hepatitis B?
|
How could I get hepatitis
B?
|
What are the symptoms?
|
What are the tests for
hepatitis B?
|
v
Vaccinations for Hepatitis A and B |
Candidates for Hepatitis
A Vaccination
|
Routine Vaccination
|
High-Risk Populations
|
Postexposure Prophylaxis
|
Candidates for Hepatitis
B Vaccination
|
Routine Vaccination
|
High-Risk Populations
|
Postexposure Prophylaxis
|
Combination Vaccine
|
References
|
v
What I Need to Know About Hepatitis C |
What is hepatitis C?
|
What causes hepatitis C?
|
How could I get hepatitis
C?
|
Could I get hepatitis C
from a blood transfusion?
|
What are the symptoms?
|
What are the tests for
hepatitis C?
|
How is hepatitis C
treated?
|
How can I protect myself?
|
v
Chronic Hepatitis C: Current Disease Management |
Introduction
|
Risk Factors and
Transmission
|
Maternal-Infant
Transmission
|
Sexual Transmission
|
Sporadic Transmission
|
Unsafe Injection
Practices
|
Clinical Symptoms and
Signs
|
Clinical Features of
Cirrhosis
|
Extrahepatic
Manifestations
|
Serologic Tests
|
Enzyme Immunoassay
|
Recombinant Immunoblot
Assay
|
Direct Assays for HCV RNA
|
Quantification of HCV RNA
in Serum
|
Genotyping and Serotyping
of HCV
|
Biochemical Indicators of
Hepatitis C Virus Infection
|
Normal Serum ALT Levels
|
Liver Biopsy
|
Serum Markers of Hepatic
Fibrosis
|
Diagnosis
|
Acute Hepatitis C
|
Chronic Hepatitis C
|
Differential Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
Who Should Be Treated?
|
Who Should Not Be
Treated?
|
Side Effects of Treatment
|
Options for Patients Who
Do Not Respond to Treatment
|
Hope Through Research
|
Basic Research
|
Diagnostic Tests
|
New Treatments
|
Prevention
|
Selected Review Articles
and References
|
v
Cirrhosis of the Liver |
Causes
|
Symptoms
|
Complications of
Cirrhosis
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
v
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis |
v
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
v
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis |
Diagnosis
|
Symptoms
|
Causes
|
Treatment
|
Hope Through Research
|
Points to Remember
|
v
What I Need to Know About Liver Transplantation |
What does my liver do?
|
What are the signs of
liver problems?
|
What is liver
transplantation?
|
What are the reasons for
needing a liver transplant?
|
How will I know whether I
need a liver transplant?
|
Can anyone with liver
problems get a transplant?
|
How long does it take to
get a new liver?
|
Where do the livers for
transplants come from?
|
Health insurance
|
What happens in the
hospital?
|
During Surgery
|
After Surgery
|
What is rejection?
|
How is rejection
prevented?
|
Do immunosuppressants
have any side effects?
|
What are the signs of
rejection?
|
What are the other
problems that can damage the liver transplant?
|
What if the transplant
doesn’t work?
|
How do I take care of my
liver after I leave the hospital?
|
Can I go back to my daily
activities?
|
Glossary
|
6. Diagnostic Tests |
v
ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) |
Preparation
|
v
Liver Biopsy |
Preparation
|
Procedure
|
Recovery
|
v
Colonoscopy |
Preparation
|
v
Virtual Colonoscopy |
VC Procedure
|
Advantages of VC
|
Disadvantages of VC
|
v
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy |
Preparation
|
v
Lower GI Series |
Preparation
|
v
Upper GI Series |
Preparation
|
v
Upper Endoscopy |
Preparation
|
7. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
v
Heartburn, Hiatal Hernia, and Gastroesophageal Reflux
Disease (GERD) |
What are the symptoms of
GERD?
|
GERD in Children
|
What causes GERD?
|
How is GERD treated?
|
Lifestyle Changes
|
Medications
|
What if symptoms persist?
|
Surgery
|
Implant
|
What are the long-term
complications of GERD?
|
Points to Remember
|
Hope Through Research
|
v
Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children and Adolescents |
Symptoms
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
Points to Remember
|
Hope Through Research
|
v
Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants |
Symptoms
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
Specific Instructions for
Infants With GER
|
Points to Remember
|
For more information
|
8. Barrett’s Esophagus |
Normal Function of the
Esophagus
|
GERD
|
GERD and Barrett’s
Esophagus
|
Barrett’s Esophagus and
Cancer of the Esophagus
|
Diagnosis and Screening
|
Treatment
|
Surveillance for
Dysplasia and Cancer
|
Treatment for Dysplasia
or Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
|
Hope Through Research
|
Points to Remember
|
For more information
|
9. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases |
Summary
|
Diagnosis
|
v
Ulcerative Colitis |
What causes ulcerative
colitis?
|
What are the symptoms of
ulcerative colitis?
|
How is ulcerative colitis
diagnosed?
|
What is the treatment for
ulcerative colitis?
|
Drug Therapy
|
Hospitalization
|
Surgery
|
Research
|
Is colon cancer a
concern?
|
Hope Through Research
|
v
Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis |
Symptoms
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
v
Ileostomy, Colostomy, and Ileoanal Reservoir Surgery |
v
Crohn’s Disease |
What causes Crohn’s
disease?
|
What are the symptoms?
|
How is Crohn’s disease
diagnosed?
|
What are the
complications of Crohn’s disease?
|
What is the treatment for
Crohn’s disease?
|
Drug Therapy
|
Nutrition Supplementation
|
Surgery
|
Can diet control
Crohn’s disease?
|
Is pregnancy safe for
women with Crohn’s disease?
|
Hope Through Research
|
For more information
|
10. Celiac Disease |
What is celiac disease?
|
What are the symptoms?
|
How is celiac disease
diagnosed?
|
Screening
|
What is the treatment?
|
The Gluten-Free Diet
|
What are the
complications of celiac disease?
|
How common is celiac
disease?
|
Diseases Linked to Celiac
Disease
|
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
|
Points to Remember
|
For more information
|
11. Ostomy |
v
Key Ostomy Terms |
Types of Ostomies and
Continent Procedures
|
Types of Pouching Systems
|
Types of Accessories
|
Psychosocial Issues
|
Patient’s Concerns
About Surgery
|
Body Image/Self-Esteem
Concerns
|
Self-Care Concerns
|
Relationship Concerns
|
Phases of Psychological
Adaptation
|
v
Sex and the Male Ostomate |
Making Love
|
Ostomy Management
|
Psychological Problems
Following Surgery
|
Sexual Difficulty
|
Organic Problems
Following Surgery
|
Seek Professional Advice
|
v
Sex and the Female Ostomate |
Making Love
|
Potential Problems
|
Factors Which Influence
Sexual Intimacy
|
Talking About Sex
|
Seek Professional Advice
|
v
Sex and the Single Ostomate |
So You Have an Ostomy
|
Sharing the News
|
Preparing For Sex
|
Physical Sexual
Limitations
|
Additional Concerns
|
Seek Professional Advice
|
v
Frequently Asked Questions |
Who should I tell? What
should I say about my surgery?
|
Will I be able to
continue my daily activities once I recover from surgery?
|
What about showering and
bathing? Should I bathe with or without my pouch?
|
What can I eat? Will I
need to change my diet?
|
Will I be able to wear
the same clothes as before?
|
What about sex and
intimacy? Will I be able to get pregnant after surgery?
|
Is travel possible?
|
What about medications?
Can I take vitamins?
|
Will I always be wearing
the same size and type of pouch?
|
Got any tips on emptying
the pouch?
|
How often should I change
the pouch?
|
What should I do if
hospitalized again?
|
Where can I purchase
supplies?
|
Does insurance cover the
cost of ostomy supplies?
|
When should I seek
medical assistance?
|
v
Ostomy Products |
Suppliers
|
Selection Considerations,
Problems, and Customized Options
|
How to Handle Problems
|
Custom-Fitted Pouching
Systems
|
Major Manufacturers
|
Evaluating Suppliers
|
Locating a Supplier
|
Choosing the Right
Supplier
|
12. Hemochromatosis |
v
Hemochromatosis |
Causes
|
Risk Factors
|
Symptoms
|
Diagnosis
|
v
Diagnosis–How Do You Find Out |
Treatment and Maintenance
|
Chelation
|
Maintenance
|
Venous Access
|
Treatment–Patient
Information
|
Phlebotomy
|
When Tests Indicate You
Have Iron Overload
|
Where Phlebotomy
Treatments Are Done
|
Keep Good Records
|
The Procedure
|
Screening for
Hemochromatosis
|
v
Hemochromatosis and
Anemia Diet |
v
Objections to Genetic Testing |
Hope Through Research
|
13. Peptic Ulcer |
v
H. pylori and Peptic Ulcer |
What is a peptic ulcer?
|
What is H. pylori?
|
How does H. pylori cause
a peptic ulcer?
|
What are the symptoms of
an ulcer?
|
Emergency Symptoms
|
How is an H.
pylori-related ulcer diagnosed?
|
Diagnosing an Ulcer
|
Diagnosing H. pylori
|
How are H. pylori peptic
ulcers treated?
|
Drugs Used to Treat H.
pylori
|
Can H. pylori infection
be prevented?
|
Why don’t all doctors
automatically check for H. pylori?
|
Points to Remember
|
Complications
|
Disability and Mortality
|
v
Environmental Risk Factors |
Smoking
|
NSAIDs and Peptic Ulcers
|
Alcohol
|
Stress
|
Social Class and
Occupational Energy Expenditure
|
14. Cancers of the Digestive System |
v
Cancer of the Esophagus |
Introduction
|
The Esophagus
|
Understanding the Cancer
Process
|
Risk Factors
|
Recognizing Symptoms
|
Diagnosing Esophageal
Cancer
|
Staging the Disease
|
Treatment and Prognosis
|
Side Effects of Treatment
|
Nutrition for Cancer
Patients
|
The Importance of
Follow-up Care
|
Providing Emotional
Support
|
Questions for Your Doctor
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
Side Effects
|
Follow-up
|
The Health Care Team
|
Resources
|
v
Stomach Cancer |
Introduction
|
The Stomach
|
Stomach Cancer
|
Symptoms
|
Causes of Stomach Cancer
|
Diagnosis
|
Staging
|
Treatment
|
Getting a Second Opinion
|
Methods of Treatment
|
Clinical Trials
|
Side Effects of Treatment
|
Surgery
|
Chemotherapy
|
Radiation Therapy
|
Biological Therapy
|
Nutrition for Cancer
Patients
|
Support for Cancer
Patients
|
Vitamins, Anti-Bacterials
May Prevent Stomach Cancer
|
Other Booklets
|
Booklets About Cancer
Treatment
|
v
Cancer of the Colon and Rectum |
Facts and Figures
|
New Cases
|
Deaths
|
Risk Factors
|
Early Detection
|
Treatment
|
Survival
|
The Colon and Rectum
|
Understanding Cancer
|
Colorectal Cancer
|
Colorectal Cancer:
Who’s at Risk?
|
Risk Factors
|
Screening
|
Are new tests under study
for colorectal cancer screening?
|
Symptoms
|
Diagnosis
|
Staging
|
Treatment
|
Getting a Second Opinion
|
Preparing for Treatment
|
Methods of Treatment
|
Surgery
|
Chemotherapy
|
Radiation Therapy
|
Treatment for Colon
Cancer
|
Treatment for Rectal
Cancer
|
Side Effects of Cancer
Treatment
|
Surgery
|
Chemotherapy
|
Radiation Therapy
|
Nutrition
|
Rehabilitation
|
Follow-up Care
|
Support for People with
Colorectal Cancer
|
The Promise of Cancer
Research
|
v
Pancreatic Cancer |
Diagnosis
|
Selected References
|
15. Rare Diseases |
v
Whipple’s Disease |
v
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome |
v
Porphyria |
v
Ménétrier’s Disease |
Symptoms
|
Diagnosis
|
Treatment
|
v
Portal Hypertension |
What causes portal
hypertension?
|
What are the symptoms of
portal hypertension?
|
How is portal
hypertension diagnosed?
|
What are the treatment
options for portal hypertension?
|
First Level of Treatment
|
Dietary and Lifestyle
Changes
|
Second Level of Treatment
|
What tests are required
before the TIPS and DSRS procedures?
|
More About the TIPS
Procedure
|
Potential Complications
of the TIPS Procedure
|
More About the DSRS
Procedure
|
Follow-up Care After the
TIPS or DSRS Procedures
|
16.
Digestive Diseases and Nutrition: Questions and Answers
|
Fiber
Content of Foods
|
I know it’s good to eat a lot of fiber to stay regular, but sometimes I eat too much fiber and have painful gas or even diarrhea. What’s the best way to strike a healthy balance?
|
If fiber doesn’t protect against colon cancer, why should I continue to eat foods high in fiber?
Is there any value to altering my diet to protect against colon cancer?
|
What foods should a person avoid if he or she has heartburn, GERD, or Barrett’s esophagus?
|
What are some common foods that may contain gluten?
|
My son has just been diagnosed with celiac disease and needs to follow a gluten-free diet.
Can you offer some suggestions to help us get started?
|
How important is nutrition for people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
|
What should I do to maintain proper nutrition?
|
I am concerned that my child, who has been diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is not getting the nutrition he needs. What’s the relationship between IBD and nutrition in children?
|
I recently had the pelvic pouch surgery, and diarrhea (up to 15 loose bowel movements
daily) has become a real problem for me. Can you suggest any dietary changes to help improve this?
|
Should I be taking a vitamin or mineral supplement if I have a gastrointestinal disease?
|
I am confused about the diet for diverticulitis . They say more fiber, even fruit with skin, but other information I’ve read states that people with diverticulitis cannot tolerate seeds, skins, raw vegetables, etc. Can you give me direction on exactly what is digestible for people with this condition? Sure hope to get some help, I’m in a panic.
|
17.
Directory of Digestive Diseases Organizations for Patients
|