After completing this course you’ll be able to:
1. | Discuss systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the treatment. |
2. | State the optimal blood pressure in an adult. |
3. | Discuss “prehypertension.” |
4. | State when treatment for hypertension should begin. |
5. | Define “white-coat” hypertension. |
6. | Describe “non-dippers.” |
7. | Discuss weight loss techniques. |
8. | Discuss sodium restriction and define those who are “salt sensitive.” |
9. | Discuss dietary supplementation of potassium. |
10. | Describe exercise techniques, relaxation programs, and biofeedback to reduce blood pressure. |
11. | Discuss a follow-up program for hypertension. |
12. | Discuss the suggested approach to manage a patient with an initial blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or greater. (Table 4.2) |
13. | Discuss findings of ALLHAT and CONVINCE trials. |
14. | Describe the J-shaped curve. |
15. | Discuss the guidelines from 1999 regarding the World Health Organization International Society of Hypertension. |
16. | Describe the four classifications of diuretics and give an example of each. |
17. | Discuss the physiological effects of diuretics according to Figure 5.3. |
18. | Discuss side effects that occur with diuretics. |
19. | State the type of patient where loop diuretics are most effective. |
20. | Describe the ACE inhibitors and how they lower blood pressure. |
21. | Discuss the HOPE and HOPE-TOO study. |
22. | Discuss the Swedish Trial in Old Patients With Hypertension2. |
23. | Describe the ALLHAT trial and findings. |
24. | List side effects of ACE inhibitors. |
25. | State the effectiveness of ACE inhibitors in various populations and in those with renovascular disease. |
26. | Discuss how angiotensin 11 receptor blockers lower blood pressure. |
27. | Describe nitric oxide. |
28. | Discuss the use of angiotensin receptor blockers in the diabetic patient. |
29. | Discuss the role of renin in the hypertensive patient. |
30. | Discuss how calcium blockers lower blood pressure. |
31. | Compare the nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and the dihydropyrididine channel blockers. |
32. | Describe the Hypertension Optimal Treatment Trial. |
33. | Compare side effects of the shorter-acting and longer-acting calcium channel blockers. |
34. | Discuss the Anglo Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial. |
35. | List the conditions in which B-blockers would exacerbate a medical problem. |
36. | Describe the ways B-blockers lower blood pressure. |
37. | Discuss lipid soluable B-blockers and give examples. |
38. | Discuss the patients for which B-blockers are particularly effective. |
39. | List several side effects of B-blockers. |
40. | List the three combinations of B-blockers with vasodilating properties and side effects. |
41. | List the three selective a1-blockers available in the United States and their action on smooth muscle. |
42. | Discuss the peripheral adrenergic inhibitors including why they are seldom used. |
43. | List the available central agonists and how they lower blood pressure. |
44. | Discuss side effects of central agonists. |
45. | Discuss the two drugs that are direct vasodilators and their side effects. |
46. | Describe the characteristics of an ideal medication for initial therapy. |
47. | List several guidelines in selecting a step-1 drug. |
48. | Discuss multiple drug therapy. |
49. | Discuss causes for nonresponsiveness to therapy. |
50. | Discuss several studies describing better management of hypertension and the reduction in complications. |